Department of Micro- and Nanotechnology, DTU Nanotech, Technical University of Denmark, Frederiksborgvej 399, 4000, Roskilde, Denmark.
Adv Biochem Eng Biotechnol. 2011;125:251-80. doi: 10.1007/10_2010_92.
Our ability to engineer nanomaterials for biological and medical applications is continuously increasing, and nanomaterial designs are becoming more and more complex. One very good example of this is the drug delivery field where nanoparticle systems can be used to deliver drugs specifically to diseased tissue. In the early days, the design of the nanoparticles was relatively simple, but today we can surface functionalize and manipulate material properties to target diseased tissue and build highly complex drug release mechanisms into our designs. One of the most promising strategies in drug delivery is to use ligands that target overexpressed or selectively expressed receptors on the surface of diseased cells. To utilize this approach, it is necessary to control the chemistry involved in surface functionalization of nanoparticles and construct highly specific functionalities that can be used as attachment points for a diverse range of targeting ligands such as antibodies, peptides, carbohydrates and vitamins. In this review we provide an overview and a critical evaluation of the many strategies that have been developed for surface functionalization of nanoparticles and furthermore provide an overview of how these methods have been used in drug delivery systems.
我们将纳米材料工程应用于生物和医学领域的能力在不断提高，纳米材料的设计也变得越来越复杂。药物输送领域就是一个很好的例子，纳米颗粒系统可用于将药物专门递送到病变组织。在早期，纳米颗粒的设计相对简单，但如今我们可以对其表面进行功能化，并操控材料特性以靶向病变组织，并在设计中构建高度复杂的药物释放机制。药物输送中最有前途的策略之一是使用针对病变细胞表面过表达或选择性表达的受体的配体。为了利用这种方法，有必要控制纳米颗粒表面功能化中涉及的化学，并构建高度特异性的功能，这些功能可作为各种靶向配体（如抗体、肽、碳水化合物和维生素）的附着点。在这篇综述中，我们对已开发的用于纳米颗粒表面功能化的多种策略进行了概述和评价，并对这些方法在药物输送系统中的应用进行了概述。
