Bowling F, Pennardt Andre
J Spec Oper Med. 2010 Summer;10(3):25-35. doi: 10.55460/0370-FW6J.
The leading cause of death on the battlefield is uncontrolled hemorrhage. Non-compressible (truncal) hemorrhage is the cause over two thirds of these deaths. This makes truncal hemorrhage the leading cause of potentially survivable death on the battlefield. Over one third of the casualties who arrive at the emergency department (ED) or combat surgical hospital (CSH) in need of a blood transfusion are already suffering from acute traumatic coagulopathy which is associated with an 80% mortality. Early aggressive treatment and prevention of this coagulopathy through hemostatic resuscitation has been shown to increase survival. Hemostatic resuscitation involves the very early use of blood and blood products as primary resuscitation fluids to both treat intrinsic acute traumatic coagulopathy and prevent the development of dilutional coagulopathy. Few, if any, of the products used in hemostatic resuscitation are currently available to the Special Operations Forces (SOF) medic. Warm fresh whole blood transfusions could be a powerful tool for the SOF medic to use in order to begin hemostatic resuscitation in the field.
战场上的主要死因是无法控制的出血。不可压缩（躯干）出血导致了超过三分之二的此类死亡。这使得躯干出血成为战场上潜在可存活死亡的主要原因。在需要输血的情况下抵达急诊科（ED）或战斗外科医院（CSH）的伤员中，超过三分之一已经患有急性创伤性凝血病，其死亡率为80%。通过止血复苏对这种凝血病进行早期积极治疗和预防已被证明可提高生存率。止血复苏包括尽早使用血液和血液制品作为主要复苏液体，以治疗内在的急性创伤性凝血病并防止稀释性凝血病的发展。目前特种作战部队（SOF）医疗兵几乎无法获得用于止血复苏的产品（如果有的话）。温热的新鲜全血输血可能是SOF医疗兵在战场上进行止血复苏的有力工具。
