Department of Psychiatry, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.
Acta Psychiatr Scand. 2011 Jun;123(6):466-74. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0447.2010.01633.x. Epub 2010 Nov 4.
To investigate the association between use of cocaine, amphetamines, or psychedelics and psychotic symptoms.
Cumulated lifetime data from a prospective, longitudinal community study of 2588 adolescents and young adults in Munich, Germany, were used. Substance use at baseline, 4-year and 10-year follow-up and psychotic symptoms at 4-year and 10-year follow-up were assessed using the Munich-Composite International Diagnostic Interview. Data from all assessment waves were aggregated, and multinomial logistic regression analyses were performed. Additional analyses adjusted for sociodemographics, common mental disorders, other substance use, and childhood adversity (adjusted odds ratios, AOR).
After adjusting for potential confounders, lifetime experience of two or more psychotic symptoms was associated with lifetime use of cocaine (AOR 1.94; 95% CI 1.10-3.45) and psychedelics (AOR 2.37; 95% CI 1.20-4.66). Additionally, when mood or anxiety disorders were excluded, lifetime experience of two or more psychotic symptoms was associated with use of psychedelics (AOR 3.56; 95% CI 1.20-10.61).
Associations between psychotic symptoms and use of cocaine, and/or psychedelics in adolescents and young adults call for further studies to elucidate risk factors and developmental pathways.
探讨可卡因、苯丙胺或迷幻剂使用与精神病症状之间的关联。
利用德国慕尼黑一项针对 2588 名青少年和年轻成年人的前瞻性、纵向社区研究的累积终生数据。使用慕尼黑综合国际诊断访谈评估基线、4 年和 10 年随访时的物质使用情况以及 4 年和 10 年随访时的精神病症状。汇总所有评估波的数据，并进行多项逻辑回归分析。调整社会人口统计学、常见精神障碍、其他物质使用和儿童期逆境（调整后的优势比，AOR）后进行额外分析。
在调整潜在混杂因素后，终生出现两种或多种精神病症状与可卡因（AOR 1.94；95%CI 1.10-3.45）和迷幻剂（AOR 2.37；95%CI 1.20-4.66）的终生使用相关。此外，当排除心境或焦虑障碍时，终生出现两种或多种精神病症状与使用迷幻剂相关（AOR 3.56；95%CI 1.20-10.61）。
青少年和年轻成年人精神病症状与可卡因和/或迷幻剂使用之间的关联需要进一步研究，以阐明风险因素和发展途径。
