Department of Political and Social Change, School of International, Political and Strategic Studies, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia.
Disasters. 2011 Apr;35(2):308-28. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-7717.2010.01213.x. Epub 2010 Nov 5.
This paper examines the interface between human rights and humanitarian action in the context of the conflict and tsunami in Aceh, Indonesia, between 1998 and 2007. It looks at the challenges international humanitarian non-governmental organisations (NGOs) faced as they engaged in human rights work in the conflict period and in conflict-related activities in the post-tsunami period. The paper argues that many large NGOs may have compromised what some would hold to be essential principles for humanitarian action because of domestic political concerns, donor restrictions and resistance among certain NGO chiefs. In contrast with the pre-tsunami period, in which NGOs worked for years amid military operations, in the post-tsunami period NGOs were decidedly apolitical, neglecting the conflict in their tsunami response--despite significant developments that permitted greater political engagement in Aceh's post-conflict transformation. The evidence suggests that NGOs are challenged in contextualising humanitarian responses and that there is a need to underscore donor flexibility and independence in humanitarian action.
本文探讨了 1998 年至 2007 年印度尼西亚亚齐冲突和海啸背景下的人权与人道主义行动之间的关系。本文考察了国际人道主义非政府组织（NGO）在冲突时期从事人权工作以及在海啸后相关活动中面临的挑战。本文认为，由于国内政治关切、捐助者限制以及某些 NGO 负责人的抵制，许多大型 NGO 可能已经放弃了一些人认为是人道主义行动的基本原则。与海啸前 NGO 在军事行动中多年工作的情况形成鲜明对比的是，在海啸后，尽管有许多允许 NGO 更多地参与亚齐冲突后转型的重大发展，但 NGO 在海啸应对中明显不参与政治，忽视了冲突。有证据表明，NGO 在使人道主义应对措施符合具体情况方面面临挑战，因此需要强调在人道主义行动中捐助者的灵活性和独立性。
