[北京城区与郊区学龄儿童哮喘及相关过敏症的室内环境因素比较]

[The comparison of the indoor environmental factors associated with asthma and related allergies among school-child between urban and suburban areas in Beijing].

作者信息

Lü Hai-bo, Deng Fu-rong, Sun Ji-dong, Wu Shao-wei, Sun Xiu-ming, Wang Xin, Zhao Yan-hua, Guo Xin-biao

机构信息

Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China.

出版信息

Zhonghua Yu Fang Yi Xue Za Zhi. 2010 Jul;44(7):626-30.

PMID:21055079

Abstract

OBJECTIVE

To study the indoor environmental factors associated with the prevalence of asthma and related allergies among school children.

METHODS

A cluster sampling method was used and the ISAAC questionnaire was conducted. A total of 4612 elementary students under Grade Five of 7 schools were enrolled in the survey for the impact of indoor environmental factors on the prevalence of asthma and related allergies in several urban and suburban schools of Beijing.

RESULTS

A total of 4060 sample were finally analyzed including 1992 urban and 2068 suburban. The prevalence of wheeze, allergic rhinoconjunctivitis and atopic eczema in the past 12 months was 3.1% (61/1992), 5.3% (106/1992), 1.1% (22/1992) among urban children while 1.3% (27/2068), 3.1% (65/2068), 1.0% (22/2068) among suburban children respectively. The prevalence of wheeze and allergic rhinoconjunctivitis of the past 12 months in urban were both significantly higher than that in suburban (χ(2) = 14.77, 11.93, P < 0.01). The incidences of having asthma and eczema ever among urban children (5.3% (105/1992), 29.4% (586/1992)) were significantly (χ(2) = 39.03, 147.22, P < 0.01) higher than that among suburban (1.7% (35/2068), 13.8% (285/2068)). Although the distributions of indoor environmental factors were similar in both areas, passive smoking and interior decoration had different influence on the prevalence of asthma and related allergies among school children in the two areas. The significant impact of passive smoking on having asthma ever among suburban children was observed (OR = 2.70, 95%CI = 1.17 - 6.23) while no significant result in urban (OR = 1.06, 95%CI = 0.71 - 1.58); the percentage of interior decoration was 84.0% (1673/1992) among urban children and 80.0% (1655/2068) among suburban children, there was significant impact of interior decoration on the prevalence of having eczema ever among urban children (OR = 1.57, 95%CI = 1.17 - 2.10) but no significant results were found in suburban sample (OR = 1.06, 95%CI = 0.76 - 1.48).

CONCLUSION

The prevalence of asthma and related allergies among school children is much higher in urban areas than that in suburban areas and the indoor environmental factors such as passive smoking and interior decoration may differently explain the prevalence of asthma and related allergies in the two areas.

摘要

目的

研究与学龄儿童哮喘及相关过敏症患病率相关的室内环境因素。

方法

采用整群抽样方法并进行国际儿童哮喘和过敏研究（ISAAC）问卷调查。在北京的几所城区和郊区学校中，对7所学校的4612名五年级以下小学生进行调查，以了解室内环境因素对哮喘及相关过敏症患病率的影响。

结果

最终共分析了4060个样本，其中城区1992个，郊区2068个。城区儿童在过去12个月内喘息、过敏性鼻结膜炎和特应性皮炎的患病率分别为3.1%（61/1992）、5.3%（106/1992）、1.1%（22/1992），而郊区儿童分别为1.3%（27/2068）、3.1%（65/2068）、1.0%（22/2068）。城区过去12个月内喘息和过敏性鼻结膜炎的患病率均显著高于郊区（χ(2)=14.77，11.93，P<0.01）。城区儿童曾经患哮喘和湿疹的发生率（5.3%（105/1992），29.4%（586/1992））显著高于郊区（1.7%（35/2068），13.8%（285/2068））（χ(2)=39.03，147.22，P<0.01）。尽管两个地区的室内环境因素分布相似，但被动吸烟和室内装修对两个地区学龄儿童哮喘及相关过敏症的患病率有不同影响。观察到被动吸烟对郊区儿童曾经患哮喘有显著影响（OR=2.70，95%CI=1.17 - 6.23），而在城区无显著结果（OR=1.06，95%CI=0.71 - 1.58）；城区儿童中室内装修的比例为84.0%（1673/1992），郊区儿童为80.0%（1655/2068），室内装修对城区儿童曾经患湿疹的患病率有显著影响（OR=1.57，95%CI=1.17 - 2.10），但在郊区样本中未发现显著结果（OR=1.06，95%CI=0.76 - 1.48）。