Balázs Péter
Semmelweis Egyetem Altalános Orvosi Kar Népegészségtani Intézet, Budapest.
Fogorv Sz. 2010 Sep;103(3):89-101.
Concerning the human resource management in the health care, Hungarian analysts focus mainly on cross-national migration, which was instigated considerably by joining the European Union in 2004. Contrasted to other health care professionals, dentists emphasized also the importance of in-country migration (mobility) indicating serious dangers of developing inequalities in the dental service. From the point of view of health system planning, the main problem is to balance the needs and the number of professionals in regions and areas with extremely different socio-economic conditions. Under dictatorial governments, this "balancing" (which was experienced also in Hungary) is a forced allocation of young professionals to the target regions. In political freedom and free market economy, these measures are unthinkable. The present domestic area distribution, concerning also the supply through vacancies by old age inactivity and cross-national migration, is ruled by personal decisions of actually graduated and immigrant professionals respectively. Therefore, it is unavoidable to investigate the interrelation of factors (dentists' births place, study migration and decisions for practice allocation) ruling the in-country geographic patterns of dental practices. This evidence-based knowledge can only explain the present situation and provide guidelines for health policy decision makers.
关于医疗保健领域的人力资源管理，匈牙利分析人士主要关注跨国移民，2004年加入欧盟极大地推动了这一现象。与其他医疗保健专业人员不同，牙医还强调了国内移民（流动性）的重要性，指出牙科服务中出现不平等现象的严重危险。从卫生系统规划的角度来看，主要问题是在社会经济条件差异极大的地区平衡专业人员的需求和数量。在独裁政府统治下，这种“平衡”（匈牙利也曾经历过）是将年轻专业人员强制分配到目标地区。在政治自由和自由市场经济中，这些措施是不可想象的。目前国内地区分布，包括因老年退休产生的职位空缺供应和跨国移民，分别由实际毕业的专业人员和移民专业人员的个人决定所主导。因此，不可避免地要研究决定国内牙科诊所地理分布模式的因素（牙医的出生地、求学迁移和执业地点分配决定）之间的相互关系。这种基于证据的知识只能解释当前的情况，并为卫生政策决策者提供指导方针。
