Bushuev A V, Kerimov A B, Ivankina E V
Zh Obshch Biol. 2010 Sep-Oct;71(5):402-24.
Estimates of a trait heritability and repeatability can get at an idea of its usefulness for being an individual characteristic and its ability to change under selection pressure. Heritability and repeatability of energetic parameters still poorly studied in birds. The most important physiological characteristic of homoiotherms is resting metabolic rate (RMR), which, in the absence of productive processes, does not exceed basal metabolic rate (BMR). We estimated BMR repeatability in free-living pied flycatchers in Moscow Region (55 degrees 44' N, 36 degrees 51' E; 1992-2008) and Tomsk (56 degrees 20' N, 84 degrees 56' E; 2008-2009) populations over intervals from 40 days to 3 years. In Moscow Region population, BMR repeatability amounted to tau = 0.34 +/- 0.10 (n=80) if measured over 1 year interval, tau = 0.60 +/- 0.15 (n=19) if measured over 2 years interval, and tau = 0.85 +/- 0.13 (n=6) if measured over 3 years interval providing that consecutive BMR measurements were done in the same period of reproductive season. In Tomsk population, BMR repeatability, measured over 1 year interval, amounted to tau = 0.49 +/- 0.11 (n=50). Repeatability is a measure of a trait constancy and sets the upper limit of its heritability. To estimate RMR heritability, cross-fostering experiments have been conducted in 2003-2005 with flycatchers of Moscow Region population. RMR of chicks positively correlated with BMR of their biological fathers, whereas such correlation in metabolic rates between chicks and their foster fathers was absent. The RMR heritability estimate turned out to be h2 = 0.43 +/- 0.17 (n=210). The obtained estimates of heritability and repeatability of fundamental energetic traits are rather high for physiological features. This suggests the existence of a potential for direct selection on BMR and evolutionary stable diversity of avian populations with regard to basal metabolic rate.
对一个性状的遗传力和重复性进行估计，可以了解其作为个体特征的有用性以及在选择压力下发生变化的能力。鸟类能量参数的遗传力和重复性仍研究不足。恒温动物最重要的生理特征是静息代谢率（RMR），在没有生产活动的情况下，它不会超过基础代谢率（BMR）。我们估计了莫斯科地区（北纬55度44分，东经36度51分；1992 - 2008年）和托木斯克（北纬56度20分，东经84度56分；2008 - 2009年）自由生活的斑姬鹟种群在40天至3年时间间隔内的基础代谢率重复性。在莫斯科地区种群中，如果在1年时间间隔内测量，基础代谢率重复性为τ = 0.34 ± 0.10（n = 80）；如果在2年时间间隔内测量，τ = 0.60 ± 0.15（n = 19）；如果在3年时间间隔内测量，τ = 0.85 ± 0.13（n = 6），前提是连续的基础代谢率测量在繁殖季节的同一时期进行。在托木斯克种群中，在1年时间间隔内测量的基础代谢率重复性为τ = 0.49 ± 0.11（n = 50）。重复性是性状稳定性的一种度量，并设定了其遗传力的上限。为了估计静息代谢率的遗传力，在2003 - 2005年对莫斯科地区种群的斑姬鹟进行了交叉寄养实验。雏鸟的静息代谢率与其生物学父亲的基础代谢率呈正相关，而雏鸟与其养父之间的代谢率不存在这种相关性。静息代谢率的遗传力估计值为h2 = 0.43 ± 0.17（n = 210）。对于生理特征而言，所获得的基本能量性状的遗传力和重复性估计值相当高。这表明存在对基础代谢率进行直接选择的潜力以及鸟类种群在基础代谢率方面进化稳定的多样性。
