Texas A&M University-Kingsville Citrus Center, 312 N. International Blvd., Weslaco, TX 78596, USA.
J Econ Entomol. 2010 Oct;103(5):1711-9. doi: 10.1603/ec09371.
The systemic neonicotinoid insecticide imidacloprid, Admire Pro, was applied to 3- and 4-yr-old nonbearing 'Rio Red' grapefruit, Citrus x paradisi Macfad., trees in 2006 and 2007, respectively, to determine its effects in the control of two major citrus pests, the Asian citrus psyllid, Diaphorina citri Kuwayama (Hemiptera: Psyllidae), and a citrus leafminer Phyllocnistis citrella Stainton (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae). Young flush shoots were randomly collected weekly for 13 and 11 wk in 2006 and 2007, respectively, to determine the infestation levels and densities of immature stages of both Asian citrus psyllid and P. citrella. Additional flush shoot samples were collected in 2007 and titers of imidacloprid in leaf tissue were determined using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Soil application of imidacloprid significantly reduced the infestation levels and densities of both pests on flush shoots, starting from the second week post application. The effects of the neonicotinoid insecticide were similar in both years. Analysis of imidacloprid concentration in leaf tissue showed a gradual increase during the first 3 wk, and titers remained well above 200 ppb for 11 wk postapplication. Significant positive correlations were obtained between imidacloprid titers in leaf tissue and the percentage of control levels achieved for both pests. A high level of suppression of both P. citrella and Asian citrus psyllid populations on citrus trees was associated with imidacloprid titer in leaf tissue >200 ppb, which was reached 2 wk after soil treatment. Although soil application of imidacloprid did not provide rapid knockdown of Asian citrus psyllid and P. citrella populations, it resulted in chronic residues in leaf tissue and long-term suppression of both pests.
系统性新烟碱类杀虫剂吡虫啉（ Admire Pro）于 2006 年和 2007 年分别施用于 3 年和 4 年生的无结果‘Rio Red’葡萄柚（Citrus x paradisi Macfad.）树上，以确定其对两种主要柑橘害虫的控制效果，亚洲柑橘木虱（Diaphorina citri Kuwayama）（半翅目：木虱科）和柑橘潜叶蛾（Phyllocnistis citrella Stainton）（鳞翅目：潜叶蛾科）。2006 年和 2007 年，每周随机采集 13 周和 11 周的新梢，以确定两种亚洲柑橘木虱和柑橘潜叶蛾的幼龄阶段的感染水平和密度。2007 年还采集了更多的新梢样本，并使用酶联免疫吸附测定法测定了叶片组织中吡虫啉的浓度。土壤施用吡虫啉可显著降低新梢上两种害虫的感染水平和密度，从施药后第二周开始。新烟碱类杀虫剂在这两年的效果相似。叶片组织中吡虫啉浓度的分析表明，在前 3 周内逐渐增加，施药后 11 周内，浓度仍保持在 200 ppb 以上。在叶片组织中吡虫啉浓度与两种害虫的控制水平之间获得了显著的正相关。柑橘树上柑橘潜叶蛾和亚洲柑橘木虱种群的高水平抑制与叶片组织中的吡虫啉浓度 >200 ppb 相关，这一浓度在土壤处理后 2 周达到。尽管土壤施用吡虫啉没有迅速降低亚洲柑橘木虱和柑橘潜叶蛾的种群数量，但它导致了叶片组织中的慢性残留，并长期抑制了这两种害虫。
