DTU Space, National Space Center, Copenhagen, Denmark.
Mar Pollut Bull. 2011 Feb;62(2):350-63. doi: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2010.10.005. Epub 2010 Nov 9.
Oil spills are a major contributor to marine pollution. The objective of this work is to simulate the oil spill trajectory of oil released from a pipeline leaking in the Gulf of Mexico with the GNOME (General NOAA Operational Modeling Environment) model. The model was developed by NOAA (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration) to investigate the effects of different pollutants and environmental conditions on trajectory results. Also, a Texture-Classifying Neural Network Algorithm (TCNNA) was used to delineate ocean oil slicks from synthetic aperture radar (SAR) observations. During the simulation, ocean currents from NCOM (Navy Coastal Ocean Model) outputs and surface wind data measured by an NDBC (National Data Buoy Center) buoy are used to drive the GNOME model. The results show good agreement between the simulated trajectory of the oil spill and synchronous observations from the European ENVISAT ASAR (Advanced Synthetic Aperture Radar) and the Japanese ALOS (Advanced Land Observing Satellite) PALSAR (Phased Array L-band Synthetic Aperture Radar) images. Based on experience with past marine oil spills, about 63.0% of the oil will float and 18.5% of the oil will evaporate and disperse. In addition, the effects from uncertainty of ocean currents and the diffusion coefficient on the trajectory results are also studied.
溢油是海洋污染的主要原因之一。本工作的目的是使用 GNOME（通用 NOAA 作业建模环境）模型模拟墨西哥湾管道泄漏释放的石油的溢油轨迹。该模型由美国国家海洋和大气管理局（NOAA）开发，用于研究不同污染物和环境条件对轨迹结果的影响。此外，还使用纹理分类神经网络算法（TCNNA）从合成孔径雷达（SAR）观测中划定海洋油膜。在模拟过程中，使用 NCOM（海军沿海海洋模型）输出的海洋流和 NDBC（国家数据浮标中心）浮标测量的地表风数据来驱动 GNOME 模型。结果表明，溢油轨迹的模拟结果与欧洲 ENVISAT ASAR（高级合成孔径雷达）和日本 ALOS（先进陆地观测卫星）PALSAR（相控阵 L 波段合成孔径雷达）图像的同步观测结果吻合较好。根据以往海洋溢油的经验，约有 63.0%的石油将浮起，18.5%的石油将蒸发和分散。此外，还研究了海洋流和扩散系数不确定性对轨迹结果的影响。
