British Geological Survey, Keyworth, Nottingham, NG12 5GG, UK.
Sci Total Environ. 2010 Dec 15;409(2):345-56. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2010.09.033. Epub 2010 Nov 9.
Sewage contamination in shallow lake sediments is of concern because the pathogens, organic matter and nutrients contribute to the deterioration of the water-bodies' health and ecology. Sediment cores from three shallow lakes (Coneries, Church and Clifton Ponds) within Attenborough nature reserve located downstream of sewage treatment works were analysed for TOC, C/N, δ(13)C, δ(15)N, bacterial coliforms and faecal sterols. (210)Pb and (137)Cs activities were used to date the sediments. Elemental analysis suggests that the source of organic matter was algal and down profile changes in δ(13)C indicate a possible decrease in productivity with time which could be due to improvements in sewage treatment. δ(15)N for Coneries Pond are slightly higher than those observed in Church or Clifton and are consistent with a sewage-derived nitrate source which has been diluted by non-sewage sources of N. The similarity in δ(15)N values (+12 ‰ to +10 ‰) indicates that the three ponds were not entirely hydrologically isolated. Analysis by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) reveals that Coneries Pond had sterol concentrations in the range 20 to 30 μg/g (dry wt.), whereas, those from Clifton and Church Ponds were lower. The highest concentrations of the human-sourced sewage marker 5β-coprostanol were observed in the top 40 cm of Coneries Pond with values up to 2.2 μg/g. In contrast, Church and Clifton Pond sediments contain only trace amounts throughout. Down-profile comparison of 5β-coprostanol/cholesterol, 5β-coprostanol/(5β-coprostanol+5α-cholestanol) and 5β-epicoprostanol/coprostanol as well as 5α-cholestanol/cholesterol suggests that Coneries Pond has received appreciable amounts of faecal contamination. Examination of 5β-stigmastanol (marker for herbivorous/ruminant animals) down core concentrations suggests a recent decrease in manure slurry input to Coneries Pond. The greater concentration of β-sitosterol in sediments from Church and Clifton Ponds as compared to Coneries is attributed in part to their greater diversity and extent of aquatic plants and avian faeces.
浅水湖底沉积物中的污水污染令人担忧，因为其中的病原体、有机物和养分会导致水体健康和生态恶化。本研究对位于污水处理厂下游的阿滕伯勒自然保护区内的三个浅水湖（Coneries、Church 和 Clifton Ponds）的沉积物岩芯进行了总有机碳（TOC）、碳氮比（C/N）、δ(13)C、δ(15)N、细菌大肠菌群和粪甾醇分析。（210）Pb 和（137）Cs 活性用于对沉积物进行定年。元素分析表明，有机物的来源是藻类，而 δ(13)C 的垂直变化表明，随着时间的推移，生产力可能会下降，这可能是由于污水处理的改善。Coneries Pond 的 δ(15)N 略高于 Church 或 Clifton 的观测值，与源自污水的硝酸盐源一致，该硝酸盐源已被非污水来源的 N 稀释。δ(15)N 值的相似性（+12 ‰至+10 ‰）表明，这三个池塘并非完全在水力上相互隔离。通过气相色谱/质谱法（GC/MS）分析发现，Coneries Pond 的甾醇浓度在 20 至 30 μg/g（干重）范围内，而 Clifton 和 Church 池塘的甾醇浓度较低。在 Coneries Pond 的上层 40 cm 中观察到最高浓度的人类来源的污水标志物 5β-胆甾烷醇，最高值高达 2.2 μg/g。相比之下，Church 和 Clifton 池塘沉积物在整个深度范围内都只含有痕量。5β-胆甾烷醇/胆固醇、5β-胆甾烷醇/（5β-胆甾烷醇+5α-胆甾醇）和 5β-胆甾烷醇/粪甾烷醇以及 5α-胆甾醇/胆固醇的垂直比较表明，Coneries Pond 受到了相当程度的粪便污染。对 5β-豆甾烷醇（食草/反刍动物的标志物）的芯部浓度进行分析表明，最近 Coneries Pond 中粪浆的输入量有所减少。Church 和 Clifton 池塘沉积物中 β-谷甾醇的浓度高于 Coneries，这部分归因于它们更广泛的水生植物和鸟类粪便的多样性。
