Influence of admission blood pressure on mortality in patients with acute decompensated heart failure.

OBJECTIVES

To determine the relationship between admission blood pressure (BP) and prognosis in patients hospitalized for acute decompensated heart failure (HF).

BACKGROUND

The relationship between BP admission blood pressure and outcomes in decompensated HF is controversial. It has been suggested that this presentation may be a specific disorder, but their mechanisms and clinical relationships are poorly defined.

METHODS

We evaluated the association between initial BP (systolic, diastolic and mean BP) with readmission and mortality, as well as potential interactions with age, clinical characteristics, renal function, left ventricular dysfunction, comorbidities and treatment. By using Cox regression models the association between each outcome and BP was tested.

RESULTS

A total of 581 patients (77.5-years-old, range 51-100) were included. At admission, mean BP in quartiles was 77.09 mm Hg (53.3-85.0) (Q1); 91.46 mm Hg (85.0-96.7) (Q2); 103.41 mm Hg (96.7-109.9) (Q3) and 124.79 mm Hg (109.9-209.0) (Q4). Median duration of follow-up was 8 months [95% confidence interval (CI) 5.2-11.1]. Mortality was 15.5% (Q1), 9.2% (Q2), 12.6% (Q3) and 7.3% (Q4). Interquartile hazard ratio (95% CIs) for mortality was 0.40 (0.19-0.85) P=0.017. Body mass index (BMI) was higher in Q4 29.59 k/m2 than in Q1 28.25 k/m2 (P=0.018). There were no differences in age, clinical antecedents, renal function, comorbidities or severity of HF between groups.

CONCLUSION

Higher mean BP at admission is associated with significantly lower mortality during follow-up, in patients hospitalized for HF. With the exception of BMI, positively correlated with blood pressure, this relationship is independent of other clinical factors and medications.