Takakusaki Kaoru, Matsuyama Kiyoji
Research Center for Brain Function and Medical Engineering, Asahikawa Medical University, School of Medicine, Asahikawa, Japan.
Brain Nerve. 2010 Nov;62(11):1117-28.
One of the fundamental characteristics of animal is locomotion. Although not visually apparent, goal-directed locomotor movements are always accompanied by automatic adjustment of muscle tone and postural reactions. Because the basic and essential mechanisms that control postural muscle tone and locomotion are located in the brainstem and spinal cord, a variety of locomotor behaviors are achieved by the projections from the forebrain structures (cerebral cortex, basal ganglia, and limbic-hypothalamic systems) and cerebellum to the brainstem-spinal cord. In this short review, we particularly focus on the role of the brainstem and spinal cord in the control of postural muscle tone and generation of locomotor rhythm. Abnormalities in the convergence inputs from the forebrain structures to the brainstem-spinal cord are further discussed in relation to the pathogenesis of disturbances in locomotor control.
动物的一个基本特征是运动。尽管在视觉上不明显，但目标导向的运动总是伴随着肌肉张力和姿势反应的自动调整。由于控制姿势肌肉张力和运动的基本和关键机制位于脑干和脊髓，各种运动行为是通过前脑结构（大脑皮层、基底神经节和边缘 - 下丘脑系统）和小脑向脑干 - 脊髓的投射来实现的。在这篇简短的综述中，我们特别关注脑干和脊髓在控制姿势肌肉张力和产生运动节律中的作用。前脑结构向脑干 - 脊髓的汇聚输入异常将进一步结合运动控制障碍的发病机制进行讨论。
