Neurology Department, Hospital Vírgen de la Luz, Av. Hermandad Donantes de sangre s/n, 16002, Cuenca, Spain.
Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther. 2010 Nov;8(11):1307-18. doi: 10.1586/eri.10.111.
Neuroschistosomiasis, the infection of the CNS by Schistosoma spp., is a neglected and under-recognized complication of schistosomiasis. Cerebral and spinal neuroschistosomiasis can provoke severe disability. Neurological symptoms occur as a consequence of the immune reaction around the eggs deposited in the CNS. Cerebral neuroschistosomiasis may present with altered sensorium, headache, seizures and focal neurological deficit. Pseudotumoral and cerebellar neuroschistosomiasis may provoke intracranial hypertension and hydrocephalus. Brain-enhancing lesions with associated mass effect can be observed on MRI. Transverse myelitis and myeloradiculopathy affecting the conus medullaris and/or cauda equina are the most common spinal cord syndromes. Transverse myelitis can present as flaccid arreflexic paraplegia with sensory level and sphincter dysfunction. Praziquantel and corticoids have been successfully used to treat neuroschistosomiasis. Ventricle-peritoneal shunt may be necessary to treat hydrocephalus associated with tumor-like brain and/or cerebellar schistosomiasis.
神经血吸虫病，即血吸虫属感染中枢神经系统，是血吸虫病被忽视和认识不足的一种并发症。脑和脊髓神经血吸虫病可引起严重残疾。神经系统症状是由于在 CNS 中沉积的卵周围的免疫反应引起的。脑神经血吸虫病可表现为意识改变、头痛、癫痫发作和局灶性神经功能缺损。假性肿瘤和小脑神经血吸虫病可引起颅内高压和脑积水。磁共振成像上可观察到增强病变伴相关肿块效应。影响圆锥和马尾的横贯性脊髓炎和/或脊神经根炎是最常见的脊髓综合征。横贯性脊髓炎可表现为弛缓性无反射性截瘫，伴有感觉水平和括约肌功能障碍。吡喹酮和皮质类固醇已成功用于治疗神经血吸虫病。对于与肿瘤样脑和/或小脑血吸虫病相关的脑积水，可能需要脑室-腹腔分流术。
