Zhou Jianfeng, Xu Bingqian
Molecular Nanoelectronics Laboratory, Faculty of Engineering, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA.
Recent Pat DNA Gene Seq. 2010 Nov;4(3):192-201. doi: 10.2174/187221510794751622.
DNA sequencing techniques witnessed fast development in the last decades, primarily driven by the Human Genome Project. Among the proposed new techniques, Nanopore was considered as a suitable candidate for the single DNA sequencing with ultrahigh speed and very low cost. Several fabrication and modification techniques have been developed to produce robust and well-defined nanopore devices. Many efforts have also been done to apply nanopore to analyze the properties of DNA molecules. By comparing with traditional sequencing techniques, nanopore has demonstrated its distinctive superiorities in main practical issues, such as sample preparation, sequencing speed, cost-effective and read-length. Although challenges still remain, recent researches in improving the capabilities of nanopore have shed a light to achieve its ultimate goal: Sequence individual DNA strand at single nucleotide level. This patent review briefly highlights recent developments and technological achievements for DNA analysis and sequencing at single molecule level, focusing on nanopore based methods.
在过去几十年中，DNA测序技术发展迅速，这主要是由人类基因组计划推动的。在提出的新技术中，纳米孔被认为是超高速、低成本进行单DNA测序的合适候选技术。已经开发了几种制造和修饰技术来生产坚固且定义明确的纳米孔装置。人们也做出了许多努力将纳米孔应用于分析DNA分子的特性。通过与传统测序技术比较，纳米孔在主要实际问题上，如样品制备、测序速度、成本效益和读长等方面，展现出了独特的优势。尽管挑战依然存在，但近期在提高纳米孔性能方面的研究为实现其最终目标带来了曙光：在单核苷酸水平对单条DNA链进行测序。本专利综述简要介绍了单分子水平DNA分析和测序的最新进展及技术成果，重点关注基于纳米孔的方法。
