[Results of transosseous reattachment for distal rupture of the biceps tendon. Evaluation of results].

Avulsion of the distal biceps brachii tendon is an uncommon injury. This is a retrospective review of cases operated in our department by transosseous suture fixation on the radial tuberosity, using the single anterior incision. Between 2000 and 2007, a total of 10 patients with distal biceps tendon injury were included. All were men, with an average age of 39 years. The most common mechanism was passive extension against active flexion. The dominant limb was affected in all patients. Clinical diagnosis was the rule. Surgical reattachment to the radial tuberosity through the anterior approach to the elbow was performed. The preoperative period was one week in three cases, between one and three weeks in five cases, and superior to three weeks in two cases. Clinical and instrumental evaluation of the results was done. Average follow-up was 48 months. Subjective results were good in seven cases, acceptable in two cases and poor in one case. Nine patients return to their previous level activity with no limitations. The average range of motion was 0° of extension to 135° of flexion. Strength testing of the injured limbs, compared to the contralateral, using the criteria described by Baker and Bierwagen, revealed a loss of 22% of supination strength and 32% of supination endurance. There was a loss of 14% of flexion strength and 27% of flexion endurance. There were two cases of superficial surgical site infection. There were no cases of nerve damage or heterotopic bone formation. Two main factors were found to explain the poor outcomes: experience of the surgeon and a long preoperative delay. Despite the limitations of this study, we found that transosseous reattachment of the biceps' distal tendon to the radial tuberosity can restore supination. Strength and endurance for supination can be better restored by early intervention. Complications are easily avoided if surgery is performed early and by experts.