生殖细胞发育和减数分裂中的表观遗传转变。

Epigenetic transitions in germ cell development and meiosis.

机构信息

Institute of Molecular Genetics, CNRS UMR5535 and University of Montpellier I & II, 1919 route de Mende, 34293 Montpellier, France.

出版信息

Dev Cell. 2010 Nov 16;19(5):675-86. doi: 10.1016/j.devcel.2010.10.009.

DOI:10.1016/j.devcel.2010.10.009

PMID:21074718

Abstract

Germ cell development is controlled by unique gene expression programs and involves epigenetic reprogramming of histone modifications and DNA methylation. The central event is meiosis, during which homologous chromosomes pair and recombine, processes that involve histone alterations. At unpaired regions, chromatin is repressed by meiotic silencing. After meiosis, male germ cells undergo chromatin remodeling, including histone-to-protamine replacement. Male and female germ cells are also differentially marked by parental imprints, which contribute to sex determination in insects and mediate genomic imprinting in mammals. Here, we review epigenetic transitions during gametogenesis and discuss novel insights from animal and human studies.

摘要

生殖细胞的发育受独特的基因表达程序控制，并涉及组蛋白修饰和 DNA 甲基化的表观遗传重编程。中心事件是减数分裂，在此过程中同源染色体配对和重组，涉及组蛋白改变。在未配对区域，染色质被减数沉默抑制。减数分裂后，雄性生殖细胞经历染色质重塑，包括组蛋白到鱼精蛋白的替换。雄性和雌性生殖细胞还被亲本印迹标记，这些印迹有助于昆虫的性别决定，并在哺乳动物中介导基因组印迹。在这里，我们回顾配子发生过程中的表观遗传转变，并讨论来自动物和人类研究的新见解。