Centre for Sleep Research, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia.
Prog Brain Res. 2010;185:91-103. doi: 10.1016/B978-0-444-53702-7.00006-3.
Sleep loss may result from total sleep deprivation (such as a shift worker might experience), chronic sleep restriction (due to work, medical conditions or lifestyle) or sleep disruption (which is common in sleep disorders such as sleep apnea or restless legs syndrome). Total sleep deprivation has been widely researched, and its effects have been well described. Chronic sleep restriction and sleep disruption (also known as sleep fragmentation) have received less experimental attention. Recently, there has been increasing interest in sleep restriction and disruption as it has been recognized that they have a similar impact on cognitive functioning as a period of total sleep deprivation. Sleep loss causes impairments in cognitive performance and simulated driving and induces sleepiness, fatigue and mood changes. This review examines recent research on the effects of sleep deprivation, restriction and disruption on cognition and neurophysiologic functioning in healthy adults, and contrasts the similarities and differences between these three modalities of sleep loss.
睡眠缺失可能源于总睡眠时间剥夺（例如轮班工作者可能经历的情况）、慢性睡眠限制（由于工作、医疗状况或生活方式所致）或睡眠中断（在睡眠障碍如睡眠呼吸暂停或不宁腿综合征中很常见）。总睡眠时间剥夺已得到广泛研究，其影响已得到充分描述。慢性睡眠限制和睡眠中断（也称为睡眠碎片化）得到的实验关注较少。最近，由于人们认识到睡眠限制和中断对认知功能的影响与总睡眠时间剥夺相似，因此对其产生了越来越多的兴趣。睡眠缺失会导致认知表现和模拟驾驶能力受损，并引起嗜睡、疲劳和情绪变化。本综述考察了近期关于睡眠剥夺、限制和中断对健康成年人认知和神经生理功能影响的研究，并比较了这三种睡眠缺失模式的相似性和差异性。
