Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, SAGA Station d'Amélioration Génétique des Animaux, UR631, 31 326 Castanet Tolosan, France.
J Anim Sci. 2011 Mar;89(3):669-79. doi: 10.2527/jas.2010-3091. Epub 2010 Nov 12.
Genetic parameters of traits related to hepatic lipid metabolism, carcass composition, and product quality of overfed mule ducks were estimated on both parental lines of this hybrid: the common duck line for the maternal side and the Muscovy line for the paternal side. The originality of the statistical model was to include simultaneously the additive genetic effect of the common ducks and that of the Muscovy ducks, revealing a greater genetic determinism in common than in Muscovy. Plasma metabolic indicators (glucose, triglyceride, and cholesterol contents) were heritable, in particular at the end of the overfeeding period, and heritabilities increased with the overfeeding stage. Carcass composition traits were highly heritable in the common line, with values ranging from 0.15 for liver weight, 0.21 for carcass weight, and 0.25 for abdominal fat weight to 0.32 for breast muscle weight. Heritabilities of technological outputs were greater for the fatty liver (0.19 and 0.08, respectively, on common and Muscovy sides for liver melting rate) than for the pectoralis major muscle (between 0.02 and 0.05 on both parental sides for cooking losses). Fortunately, the processing industry is mainly facing problems in liver quality, such as too high of a melting rate, than in meat quality. The meat quality appraisal criteria (such as texture and cooking losses), usually dependent on pH and the rate of decline of pH, were also very lowly heritable. This study demonstrated that genetic determinism of meat quality and ability of overfeeding is not similar in the common population and in the Muscovy population; traits related to fattening, muscle development, and BW have heritability values from 2 to 4 times greater on the common line than on the Muscovy line, which is relevant for considering different selection strategies.
过度育肥骡鸭肝脂代谢、胴体组成和产品质量相关性状的遗传参数在该杂种的两个亲本品系上进行了估计：母本为普通鸭系，父本为麝香鸭系。统计模型的新颖之处在于同时包括了普通鸭和麝香鸭的加性遗传效应，揭示了普通鸭的遗传决定程度大于麝香鸭。血浆代谢指标（葡萄糖、甘油三酯和胆固醇含量）是可遗传的，特别是在过度育肥期结束时，遗传力随着育肥阶段的增加而增加。普通鸭系的胴体组成性状具有高度的遗传性，其值范围从肝重的 0.15、胴体重的 0.21、腹脂重的 0.25到胸肌重的 0.32。脂肪肝的技术产出遗传力较高（普通鸭和麝香鸭的肝融化率分别为 0.19 和 0.08），而胸大肌的遗传力较低（两个亲本的烹饪损失分别在 0.02 到 0.05 之间）。幸运的是，加工行业主要面临的是肝脏质量问题，如肝融化率过高，而不是肉质问题。肉质评估标准（如质地和烹饪损失）通常依赖于 pH 值和 pH 值下降率，其遗传力也非常低。本研究表明，普通鸭和麝香鸭在肉质和过度育肥能力的遗传决定程度不同；与育肥、肌肉发育和 BW 相关的性状在普通鸭系的遗传力值是麝香鸭系的 2 到 4 倍，这对于考虑不同的选择策略是相关的。
