Division of Pediatric Neuropsychology, Children's National Medical Center and School of Medicine, George Washington University, Washington 20850, USA.
J Head Trauma Rehabil. 2010 Nov-Dec;25(6):433-9. doi: 10.1097/HTR.0b013e3181fbc272.
It is well established that brain injuries adversely affect the executive functions and their development. Mark Ylvisaker had a substantial impact on how we assess and treat children and adolescents with disrupted executive functions secondary to traumatic brain injury. He articulated core principles for effective assessment and intervention that emphasized the importance of real-world meaning and application. He taught us that assessment that captures a child's everyday functioning in the context of real-world demands is often more informative than traditional neuropsychological measures alone and that interventions that improve functioning in the real-world environment are most useful. His pragmatic model influenced our own efforts to measure executive function and to develop intervention systems for children with executive function deficits. This article reviews the development of the Behavior Rating Inventory for Executive Function as an approach to ecological assessment of children and adolescents with traumatic brain injury. As we take what we learned from Mark Ylvisaker, it becomes increasingly apparent that our assessment and intervention methods, especially as related to the executive functions, demand an everyday, real-world context.
众所周知，脑损伤会对执行功能及其发展产生不利影响。马克·伊利瓦萨克（Mark Ylvisaker）对我们评估和治疗因创伤性脑损伤而导致执行功能障碍的儿童和青少年产生了重大影响。他阐述了有效评估和干预的核心原则，强调了现实世界意义和应用的重要性。他教导我们，在现实世界需求的背景下捕捉儿童日常功能的评估通常比传统的神经心理学测量更具信息量，而在现实世界环境中改善功能的干预措施最有用。他的实用模型影响了我们自己衡量执行功能的努力，并为执行功能缺陷的儿童开发干预系统。本文回顾了行为评定量表在评估创伤性脑损伤儿童和青少年的执行功能方面的发展。当我们从马克·伊利瓦萨克（Mark Ylvisaker）那里吸取经验教训时，我们越来越明显地认识到，我们的评估和干预方法，特别是与执行功能相关的方法，需要一个日常的现实世界的背景。
