Laboratoire d'Oncogénétique, Hôpital René Huguenin, Institut Curie, St Cloud, France.
Curr Opin Oncol. 2011 Jan;23(1):93-9. doi: 10.1097/CCO.0b013e3283412ee0.
The highly heterogeneous clinical, histological, biological and genetic nature of breast malignancies is due in part to their extreme molecular complexity.
Many genetic and epigenetic alterations have been described, affecting a relatively small number of signaling pathways (PI3K, NK-κB, FGF, etc.) and thus several molecular subtypes of breast cancer have been identified.
The next decade will see even more prolific developments, notably with the advent of next-generation sequencing (NGS) technologies capable of providing individual patients' constitutional and somatic genome sequences both rapidly and cheaply. Knowledge of the full catalogue of somatic genetic alterations will pave the way for fully individualized management of breast cancer patients.
乳腺癌具有高度异质性的临床、组织学、生物学和遗传学特性，部分原因是其具有极其复杂的分子特性。
已经描述了许多遗传和表观遗传改变，影响了相对较少的信号通路（PI3K、NF-κB、FGF 等），因此已经确定了几种乳腺癌的分子亚型。
未来十年将有更多的发展，特别是随着下一代测序（NGS）技术的出现，这些技术能够快速且廉价地为个体患者提供其基因组的组成和体细胞序列。对体细胞遗传改变的全面了解将为乳腺癌患者的个体化管理铺平道路。
