Department of Psychology, Brock University, 500 Glenridge Ave, St. Catharines, ON, L3S 3A1, Canada.
J Youth Adolesc. 2011 Jul;40(7):902-15. doi: 10.1007/s10964-010-9604-8. Epub 2010 Nov 13.
Parental monitoring has long been stressed as an important parenting practice in reducing adolescents' susceptibility to depressive symptoms. Reviews have revealed, however, that measures of monitoring have been confounded with parental knowledge, and that the role of adolescent disclosure has been neglected. In the present study, adolescents (N = 2,941; 51.3% female) were surveyed each year from grades 9-12. To disentangle parenting factors, bidirectional associations among parental knowledge, adolescent disclosure, and parental monitoring (i.e., solicitation and control) were examined. Higher parental knowledge was associated with lower adolescent depressive symptoms over time. Adolescent disclosure and parental control also predicted lower adolescent depressive symptoms indirectly through knowledge. Conversely, higher adolescent depressive symptoms predicted lower parental knowledge, adolescent disclosure, and parental solicitation over time, highlighting the bidirectional nature of associations among parenting factors and adolescent depressive symptoms. Importantly, these effects were invariant across gender and grade, suggesting that interventions can be broadly based.
父母监督长期以来一直被强调为减少青少年易患抑郁症状的重要养育实践。然而，回顾发现，监测措施与父母的知识混淆在一起，而青少年的披露问题被忽视了。在本研究中，从 9 年级到 12 年级，每年对青少年（N=2941；女性占 51.3%）进行调查。为了理清养育因素，研究考察了父母知识、青少年披露和父母监督（即征求和控制）之间的双向关联。随着时间的推移，较高的父母知识与青少年抑郁症状的降低有关。青少年的披露和父母的控制也通过知识间接预测青少年抑郁症状的降低。相反，较高的青少年抑郁症状随着时间的推移预测了父母知识、青少年披露和父母征求的降低，突出了养育因素和青少年抑郁症状之间关联的双向性质。重要的是，这些影响在性别和年级上是不变的，这表明干预措施可以广泛适用。
