Department of Psychology, Brock University, Catharines, ON, Canada.
J Youth Adolesc. 2011 Apr;40(4):463-78. doi: 10.1007/s10964-010-9567-9. Epub 2010 Jul 4.
This longitudinal study investigated the importance of parental monitoring to the deterrence of adolescent problem behavior by examining bidirectional associations among perceived parental monitoring, adolescent disclosure and problem behaviors across the high school years. Adolescents (N = 2,941; 50.3% female) were surveyed each year from grades 9 through 12. There was a reciprocal association between problem behavior and parental knowledge, such that higher parental knowledge predicted reduced problem behavior over time and higher problem behavior in turn predicted lower parental knowledge. It was adolescent disclosure that predicted parental knowledge, however, rather than parental monitoring behaviors. Parental control was a direct deterrent of problem behavior over time, and time spent engaged in family fun activities demonstrated indirect links to problem behavior, particularly through parental control and adolescent disclosure. Importantly, these effects were invariant across grade. Overall, these findings suggest a "family-centered process", rather than primarily a youth-driven or parent-driven process, in the prediction of problem behavior.
本纵向研究通过考察高中阶段感知到的父母监督、青少年披露和问题行为之间的双向关系，探讨了父母监督对青少年问题行为的抑制作用的重要性。研究对象为 2941 名青少年（女性占 50.3%），他们在 9 年级到 12 年级期间每年接受一次调查。问题行为和父母了解程度之间存在相互关联，即父母了解程度越高，随着时间的推移，问题行为越少，反之亦然。然而，是青少年的披露而不是父母的监督行为预测了父母的了解程度。父母的控制是问题行为随着时间推移的直接抑制因素，而参与家庭娱乐活动的时间则通过父母控制和青少年披露间接地与问题行为相关联。重要的是，这些影响在各个年级都是不变的。总的来说，这些发现表明，在预测问题行为方面，存在一种“以家庭为中心的过程”，而不是主要由青少年或父母驱动的过程。
