Darling Building, School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia.
J Evol Biol. 2010 Dec;23(12):2685-93. doi: 10.1111/j.1420-9101.2010.02131.x. Epub 2010 Oct 12.
The viviparous sea snakes (Hydrophiini) are by far the most successful living marine reptiles, with ∼ 60 species that comprise a prominent component of shallow-water marine ecosystems throughout the Indo-West Pacific. Phylogenetically nested within the ∼ 100 species of terrestrial Australo-Melanesian elapids (Hydrophiinae), molecular timescales suggest that the Hydrophiini are also very young, perhaps only ∼ 8-13 Myr old. Here, we use likelihood-based analyses of combined phylogenetic and taxonomic data for Hydrophiinae to show that the initial invasion of marine habitats was not accompanied by elevated diversification rates. Rather, a dramatic three to six-fold increase in diversification rates occurred at least 3-5 Myr after this transition, in a single nested clade: the Hydrophis group accounts for ∼ 80% of species richness in Hydrophiini and ∼ 35% of species richness in (terrestrial and marine) Hydrophiinae. Furthermore, other co-distributed lineages of viviparous sea snakes (and marine Laticauda, Acrochordus and homalopsid snakes) are not especially species rich. Invasion of the oceans has not (by itself) accelerated diversification in Hydrophiini; novelties characterizing the Hydrophis group alone must have contributed to its evolutionary and ecological success.
胎生海蛇（Hydrophiini）是目前为止最成功的海洋爬行动物，拥有约 60 个物种，它们是整个印度-西太平洋浅海水域生态系统的重要组成部分。胎生海蛇在约 100 种澳大拉西亚-美拉尼西亚陆生矛头蝮蛇（Hydrophiinae）中具有系统发生上的嵌套关系，分子时标表明 Hydrophiini 也非常年轻，可能只有约 8-13 百万年。在这里，我们使用 Hydrophiinae 的系统发育和分类数据的联合似然分析表明，海洋栖息地的最初入侵并没有伴随着更高的多样化率。相反，在这种转变之后至少 3-5 百万年，多样化率急剧增加了三到六倍，发生在一个嵌套的进化枝中：Hydrophis 组占 Hydrophiini 物种丰富度的约 80%，占（陆地和海洋）Hydrophiinae 物种丰富度的约 35%。此外，其他共生的胎生海蛇（以及海洋长吻海蛇、绿树蟒和异盾盲蛇）谱系的物种并不特别丰富。海洋的入侵本身并没有加速 Hydrophiini 的多样化；只有 Hydrophis 组所特有的新颖性才能促成其进化和生态上的成功。
