Stephens S D, Callaghan D E, Hogan S, Meredith R, Rayment A, Davis A C
Welsh Hearing Institute, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff.
BMJ. 1990 Feb 24;300(6723):508-11. doi: 10.1136/bmj.300.6723.508.
To determine the best means of detecting hearing disability in subjects aged 50-65 and whether rehabilitative intervention is acceptable in this age group.
Questionnaire survey of patients on general practice age-sex registers. Two types of questionnaire were used, one being based on the closed set approach of the Institute of Hearing Research questionnaire, which had been used in a pilot study, and the other being a simplified version of this questionnaire developed by the Welsh Hearing Institute and based on open set questions. Questionnaires were sent up to three times, and any patients who had not responded two months after the last posting were personally contacted.
Two general practices in Glyncorrwg and Blaengwynfi in the Afan valley, West Glamorgan.
271 Patients in Glyncorrwg (136 men, 135 women) and 333 patients in Blaengwynfi (173 men, 160 women) aged 50-65.
All patients indicating hearing disability in answering the questionnaires were invited to attend for a evaluative session in their village. After audiometric testing advice and arrangements for fitting a hearing aid were offered as appropriate.
Response rates and prevalence of hearing disability before intervention and of possession of hearing aids before and after intervention.
After three postings and personal contact the response rate was 98% (266/271) in Glyncorrwg, where the complex questionnaire was used, and 97% (322/333) in Blaengwynfi. The prevalence of hearing disability was respectively 53% (141/266) and 46% (148/322) and the prevalence of owning a hearing aid 7% (19/266) and 8% (24/322). After intervention the possession of hearing aids rose to 24% (64/266) in Glyncorrwg and 22% (71/322) in Blaengwynfi; six months later the aids were being used regularly. A direct comparison of the two questionnaires in 69 subjects from Blaengwynfi showed no significant differences in the amount of disability detected by each one. The first posting of questionnaires detected 65% (189/289) of the hearing disability in the two villages or 78% (72/92) of those prepared to accept hearing aids for the first time; 96% (88/92) of those who accepted hearing aids were detected by two postings.
Simple questionnaires are effective in detecting hearing disabilities in people aged 50-65, and intervention was acceptable in many of those who reported having difficulties in hearing. The response rates from successive postings suggest that two postings are sufficient in terms of the return in detecting those who will accept intervention.
确定检测50至65岁人群听力残疾的最佳方法，以及该年龄组对康复干预的接受程度。
对普通全科诊所年龄 - 性别登记册上的患者进行问卷调查。使用了两种问卷，一种基于听力研究所问卷的封闭式方法（该方法已在一项试点研究中使用），另一种是威尔士听力研究所开发的基于开放式问题的该问卷简化版。问卷最多发送三次，对最后一次邮寄两个月后仍未回复的任何患者进行个人联系。
西格拉摩根郡阿凡山谷格林科罗格和布莱恩温菲的两家普通全科诊所。
格林科罗格的271名患者（136名男性，135名女性）和布莱恩温菲的333名患者（173名男性，160名女性），年龄在50至65岁之间。
所有在问卷回答中表明有听力残疾的患者被邀请到他们所在的村庄参加评估会议。在进行听力测试后，酌情提供使用助听器的建议和安排。
干预前听力残疾的回复率和患病率，以及干预前后助听器的拥有率。
经过三次邮寄和个人联系后，在使用复杂问卷的格林科罗格，回复率为98%（266/271），在布莱恩温菲为97%（322/333）。听力残疾患病率分别为53%（141/266）和46%（148/322），拥有助听器的患病率分别为7%（19/266）和8%（24/322）。干预后，格林科罗格拥有助听器的比例升至24%（64/266），布莱恩温菲为22%（71/322）；六个月后，这些助听器被定期使用。对来自布莱恩温菲的69名受试者的两种问卷进行直接比较，结果显示每份问卷检测到的残疾程度无显著差异。问卷的首次邮寄在两个村庄检测到65%（189/289）的听力残疾，或在首次准备接受助听器的人群中检测到78%（72/92）；在接受助听器的人群中，96%（88/92）是通过两次邮寄检测到的。
简单问卷对于检测50至65岁人群的听力残疾有效，并且许多报告有听力困难的人接受了干预。连续邮寄的回复率表明，就检测那些会接受干预的人而言，两次邮寄就足够了。
