Global Biopolitics Research Group, King's College London, Strand Campus, London, WC2R 2LS, UK.
Regen Med. 2010 Nov;5(6):971-85. doi: 10.2217/rme.10.81.
Leading European nations with strong biotech sectors, such as the UK and Germany, are investing heavily in regenerative medicine, seeking competitive advantage in this emerging sector. However, in the broader biopharmaceutical sector, the EU is outperformed by the USA on all metrics, reflecting longstanding problems: limited venture capital finance, a fragmented patent system, and relatively weak relations between academia and industry. The current global downturn has exacerbated these difficulties. The crisis comes at a time when the EU is reframing its approach to the governance of innovation and renewing its commitment to the goal of making Europe the leading player in the global knowledge economy. If the EU is to gain a competitive advantage in the regenerative medicine sector then it must coordinate a complex multilevel governance framework that encompasses the EU, member states and regional authorities. This article takes stock of Europe's current competitive position within the global bioeconomy, drawing on a variety of metrics in the three intersecting spheres of innovation governance: science, market and society. These data then provide a platform for reviewing the problems of innovation governance faced by the EU and the strategic choices that have to be confronted in the regenerative medicine sector.
欧洲一些拥有强大生物技术产业的国家，如英国和德国，在再生医学领域投入巨资，以寻求在这一新兴领域的竞争优势。然而，在更广泛的生物制药领域，欧盟在所有指标上都逊于美国，反映出长期存在的问题：风险资本融资有限、专利制度分散，以及学术界和产业界之间的关系相对较弱。当前的全球经济衰退加剧了这些困难。这场危机发生之际，欧盟正在重新调整其创新治理方法，并再次致力于使欧洲成为全球知识经济的主导者。如果欧盟要在再生医学领域获得竞争优势，那么它就必须协调一个复杂的多层次治理框架，其中包括欧盟、成员国和地区当局。本文利用创新治理的三个交叉领域（科学、市场和社会）中的各种指标，对欧洲在全球生物经济中的当前竞争地位进行了评估。这些数据为评估欧盟在创新治理上面临的问题以及在再生医学领域必须面对的战略选择提供了一个平台。
