Chan Cangel Pui-Yee
Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, SAR Hong Kong.
Bioanalysis. 2009 Apr;1(1):115-33. doi: 10.4155/bio.09.15.
This article has a special focus on the broad range of innovative nanoprobes for signal amplification and new generations of bioassays. Advances in functionalizing gold nanoparticles with oligonucleotides speed up the development of a series of new nucleic acid assays. A biobarcode assay allows signal amplification by utilizing antibody-coated magnetic beads to concentrate the analytes and antibody-coated gold nanoparticle probes to carry a large number of oligonucleotides. Novel signal-amplification technologies, based on either new classes of nanoprobes consisting of releasable fluorophores or with aggregation-induced emission features, can also improve the sensitivity of bioassays. Advances in synthesis and biofunctionalization of quantum dots with unique properties have generated increasingly widespread applications in DNA sorting, multiplexing bioassays and fluorescence resonance energy transfer-based sensing. Ingenious nanoprobes in bioassays can offer PCR-like sensitivity, high selectivity, capacity for massive multiplexing, time efficiency and, most importantly, the ability to be performed at the point- of-care.
本文特别关注用于信号放大的各种创新型纳米探针以及新一代生物测定法。用寡核苷酸对金纳米颗粒进行功能化的进展加速了一系列新型核酸测定法的开发。生物条形码测定法通过利用抗体包被的磁珠浓缩分析物以及抗体包被的金纳米颗粒探针携带大量寡核苷酸来实现信号放大。基于由可释放荧光团组成的新型纳米探针或具有聚集诱导发光特性的新型信号放大技术，也可以提高生物测定法的灵敏度。具有独特性质的量子点在合成和生物功能化方面的进展已在DNA分选、多重生物测定法以及基于荧光共振能量转移的传感中得到越来越广泛的应用。生物测定法中巧妙的纳米探针可以提供类似PCR的灵敏度、高选择性、大规模多重检测能力、时间效率，最重要的是能够在床旁进行检测。
