Human Performance Laboratory, University of Technology Sydney, Australia.
Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2011 Jun;43(6):1050-4. doi: 10.1249/MSS.0b013e318203626a.
The aim of this study was to determine differences in bat swing kinematics in baseball hitters of varying ability.
Kinematic data for the upper and lower body were collected from 20 trained male baseball players (22.3 ± 5.3 yr, 1.82 ± 0.07 m, 83.5 ± 10.9 kg), using three-dimensional computerized motion-analysis techniques. Participants were ranked before testing based on a novel coach's rating scale and seasonal batting average. They were subsequently separated into a relatively high-caliber group of hitters (n = 10) and a relatively low-caliber group of hitters (n = 10) for comparison. Importantly, the two groups were significantly different in terms of coach's rating (P < 0.01) and batting average (P < 0.05).
The results showed a significant difference in maximum bat swing velocity (P < 0.05) with high-caliber hitters having a higher velocity (36.8 m · s) in comparison with relatively low-caliber hitters (33.8 m · s). Lead elbow maximum angular velocity was significantly higher (35.9%) among relatively high-caliber hitters (P < 0.05). Angular velocity of the hip segment approached significance between the groups (P = 0.056). High-caliber hitters also had a right knee angle of 106° at ball contact, which was significantly (P < 0.05) higher than that of relatively low-caliber hitters (100°). There were no between-group differences for wrist and linear hip joint velocities at ball contact.
It was established that bat swing velocity is a key characteristic of the baseball swing when identifying skill level and performance between hitters. In addition, high-caliber hitters display greater lead elbow maximum angular velocity possibly because of achieving a higher angular hip segment velocity early in the swing. It is noted that although these attributes differentiate hitters of varying skill level, future research should examine whether developing these characteristics in players of lower ability improves batting performance.
本研究旨在确定不同能力棒球击球手的挥棒运动学差异。
使用三维计算机运动分析技术，从 20 名经过训练的男性棒球运动员（22.3±5.3 岁，1.82±0.07 m，83.5±10.9 kg）身上收集上半身和下半身的运动学数据。根据一项新的教练评分量表和季节性击球平均值，在测试前对参与者进行排名。随后，他们根据击球的相对高水平和低水平被分为两组（n = 10）。重要的是，这两组在教练评分（P < 0.01）和击球平均值（P < 0.05）方面存在显著差异。
结果显示，最大挥棒速度存在显著差异（P < 0.05），高水平击球手的速度（36.8 m·s）高于相对低水平击球手（33.8 m·s）。相对高水平击球手的前肘最大角速度显著更高（35.9%）（P < 0.05）。髋关节角速度在两组之间接近显著（P = 0.056）。高水平击球手在触球时的右膝角度为 106°，明显高于相对低水平击球手（100°）（P < 0.05）。触球时，手腕和髋关节的线性速度在两组之间没有差异。
当识别击球手之间的技能水平和表现时，发现挥棒速度是棒球挥棒的一个关键特征。此外，高水平击球手表现出更大的前肘最大角速度，可能是因为在挥棒早期达到了更高的髋关节角速度。需要注意的是，尽管这些特征区分了不同技能水平的击球手，但未来的研究应该检查在能力较低的球员中发展这些特征是否能提高击球表现。
