Mansour I, Caccavale F
Appl Opt. 1996 Mar 20;35(9):1492-9. doi: 10.1364/AO.35.001492.
Magnesium diffusion can be used to optimize the characteristics and performance of a Ti:LiNbO(3) Mach-Zehnder modulator. Suitable use of titanium/magnesium double diffusion reduces fiber-waveguide coupling loss, minimizes the modulator size by increasing the bend radius of curvature without increasing bend losses, and decreases separation of the modulator arms. The proposed method also makes it possible to reduce the modulating voltage by improvement of guided-wave lateral confinement. Secondary ion mass spectrometry and 771-line techniques are used to characterize Ti/Mg:LiNbO(3) waveguides. A numerical optimization procedure based on the full vectorial beam-propagation method is presented.
镁扩散可用于优化钛掺杂铌酸锂（Ti:LiNbO₃）马赫-曾德尔调制器的特性和性能。合理使用钛/镁双扩散可降低光纤-波导耦合损耗，通过增加弯曲曲率半径而不增加弯曲损耗来最小化调制器尺寸，并减小调制器臂的间距。所提出的方法还能够通过改善导波横向限制来降低调制电压。利用二次离子质谱和771线技术对Ti/Mg:LiNbO₃波导进行表征。提出了一种基于全矢量光束传播法的数值优化程序。
