Université Libre de Bruxelles, Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, Brussels, Belgium.
Dev Med Child Neurol. 2011 Jan;53(1):13-7. doi: 10.1111/j.1469-8749.2010.03827.x. Epub 2010 Nov 18.
Embryonic or induced pluripotent stem cells, available in mouse and human, have emerged as powerful tools to address complex questions in neurobiology. This review focuses on major advances relating to brain development and developmental disorders. Stem cells can differentiate into many different neuronal subtypes using in vitro models mimicking relevant in vivo developmental processes, and the underlying molecular and cellular mechanisms. Disease-specific human embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells are now available and allow for the study in vitro of the pathophysiology of degenerative and neurodevelopmental hereditary and sporadic disorders, including in the near future those of the human cortex. Finally, some recent studies have shown that stem cell-derived neural progenitors and neurons could help to rebuild damaged brain circuitry, opening the possibility of cell therapy.
胚胎或诱导多能干细胞在小鼠和人类中都有，已成为解决神经生物学复杂问题的有力工具。本综述重点介绍了与大脑发育和发育障碍相关的主要进展。干细胞可以通过模拟相关体内发育过程的体外模型分化为许多不同的神经元亚型，并揭示潜在的分子和细胞机制。现在已经有了特定于疾病的人类胚胎干细胞（ESC）和诱导多能干细胞（iPSC），可以在体外研究退行性和神经发育性遗传性和散发性疾病的病理生理学，包括在不久的将来研究人类大脑皮层的疾病。最后，一些最近的研究表明，干细胞衍生的神经祖细胞和神经元可能有助于重建受损的大脑回路，为细胞治疗开辟了可能性。
