De Luca F, Privitera A
U.O.C. Cardiologia Pediatrica Ospedale Ferrarotto, Catania, Italy.
Minerva Pediatr. 2010 Jun;62(3 Suppl 1):183-5.
An electrocardiogram is a simple, non-invasive and inexpensive test, whose knowledge and interpretation should be an essential skill for neonatologists. It is a basic, easy and handy tool, very useful for the right approach to the child with suspected heart disease. The test provides important information on the heart rhythm and is essential to diagnose and therefore treat arrhythmic problems. It gives also information on the ventricular dimensions and volume and/or pressure overload of one or both ventricles. In case of malformative pathologies, the test enables to suspect the type of malformation. The aim of this report is to explain a normal electrocardiogram in a practical and simple way, through the definition of the necessary basic criteria to detect heart rate and rhythm, electrical axis of QRS complex, normal wave morphology in all leads and atrioventricular conduction (PR interval). Some basic information will also be provided on how to recognize a pathological electrocardiogram and heart rhythm disorders. Then we will use interactive methods to discuss some tracings through which it will be possible to reach a diagnostic orientation.
心电图是一项简单、无创且廉价的检查，新生儿科医生应掌握其相关知识并具备解读能力，这是一项基本技能。它是一种基础、简便且实用的工具，对于正确处理疑似心脏病患儿非常有用。该检查可提供有关心律的重要信息，对于诊断及治疗心律失常问题至关重要。它还能提供有关心室大小、容积和/或一侧或双侧心室压力超负荷的信息。对于畸形病变，该检查有助于怀疑畸形的类型。本报告旨在通过定义检测心率和心律、QRS波群电轴、所有导联正常波形形态以及房室传导（PR间期）所需的基本标准，以实用且简单的方式解释正常心电图。还将提供一些关于如何识别病理性心电图和心律紊乱的基本信息。然后，我们将使用互动方法讨论一些心电图描记图，通过这些描记图有可能得出诊断方向。
