Roberts Jason A, Hobday Linda, Polychronopoulos Sophie, Ibrahim Aishah, Thorley Bruce R
National Poliovirus Reference Laboratory, Victorian Infectious Diseases Reference Laboratory, North Melbourne, Victoria.
Commun Dis Intell Q Rep. 2010 Sep;34(3):277-84. doi: 10.33321/cdi.2010.34.27.
The Australian National Poliovirus Reference Laboratory (NPRL) is accredited by the World Health Organization (WHO) for the testing of faecal specimens from acute flaccid paralysis (AFP) cases and operates as a regional poliovirus reference laboratory for the Western Pacific Region. The NPRL, in collaboration with the Australian Paediatric Surveillance Unit, co-ordinates surveillance for cases of AFP in children in Australia, according to criteria recommended by the WHO. Specimens are referred from AFP cases in children and suspected cases of poliomyelitis in persons of any age. The WHO AFP surveillance performance indicator is 1 non-polio AFP case per 100,000 children less than 15 years of age. In 2009, the Polio Expert Committee classified 48 cases as non-polio AFP, a rate of 1.17 cases per 100,000 children less than 15 years of age. An additional WHO AFP surveillance performance indicator is that more than 80% of notified AFP cases have 2 faecal samples collected 24 hours apart and within 14 days of onset of paralysis. Adequate faecal samples were received from 16 (33.3%) of the 48 classified cases. A poliovirus was referred via the Enterovirus Reference Laboratory Network of Australia from a non-AFP case and was determined to be Sabin-like. This case most likely represents an importation event, the source of which was not identified, as Australia ceased using Sabin oral polio vaccine in 2005. The last report of a wild poliovirus importation in Australia was from Pakistan in 2007. In 2009, 1,604 wild poliovirus cases were reported in 23 countries with Afghanistan, India, Nigeria and Pakistan remaining endemic for poliomyelitis.
澳大利亚国家脊髓灰质炎病毒参考实验室（NPRL）获得世界卫生组织（WHO）认可，负责检测急性弛缓性麻痹（AFP）病例的粪便样本，并作为西太平洋地区的脊髓灰质炎病毒参考实验室开展工作。NPRL与澳大利亚儿科监测部门合作，根据WHO推荐的标准，对澳大利亚儿童的AFP病例进行监测。样本来自儿童AFP病例以及任何年龄人群的疑似脊髓灰质炎病例。WHO的AFP监测绩效指标是每10万名15岁以下儿童中有1例非脊髓灰质炎AFP病例。2009年，脊髓灰质炎专家委员会将48例病例归类为非脊髓灰质炎AFP，即每10万名15岁以下儿童中有1.17例。WHO的另一项AFP监测绩效指标是，超过80%的AFP通报病例在麻痹发作后14天内采集到2份间隔24小时的粪便样本。在48例已分类病例中，有16例（33.3%）收到了足够的粪便样本。一株脊髓灰质炎病毒通过澳大利亚肠道病毒参考实验室网络从一例非AFP病例中送检，并被确定为类似萨宾株。该病例很可能代表一次输入事件，其源头未查明，因为澳大利亚自2005年起已停止使用萨宾口服脊髓灰质炎疫苗。澳大利亚上一次输入野生脊髓灰质炎病毒的报告来自2007年的巴基斯坦。2009年，23个国家报告了1604例野生脊髓灰质炎病毒病例，阿富汗、印度、尼日利亚和巴基斯坦仍然是脊髓灰质炎的流行地区。
