Department of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.
J Infect. 2011 Feb;62(2):142-8. doi: 10.1016/j.jinf.2010.11.009. Epub 2010 Nov 19.
Haemophilus influenzae is an important cause of invasive infection but contemporary data in non-selected populations is limited.
Population-based surveillance for Haemophilus influenzae bacteremia was conducted in seven regions in Australia, Canada, and Denmark during 2000-2008.
The overall annual incidence rate was 1.31 per 100,000 population and type specific rates were 0.08 for H. influenzae serotype b (Hib), 0.22 for H. influenzae serotypes a, c-f (Hiac-f), and 0.98 per 100,000 for non-typeable H. influenzae (NTHi). Very young and old patients were at highest risk. The serotypes causing disease varied according to age with nearly all cases in the elderly due to NTHi. The presence of comorbid medical illness was common with 14%, 16%, and 29% patients having Charlson comorbidity scores of 1, 2, and ≥ 3, respectively. The 30-day all-cause case-fatality rate was 18%. Factors independently associated with death at 30-days in logistic regression analysis included male gender, hospital-onset disease, older age, and lower respiratory tract, central nervous system, or unknown focus of infection.
Haemophilus influenzae is an important cause of morbidity and mortality particularly with NTHi in the elderly. These data serve as a baseline to assess the future effectiveness of new preventative interventions.
流感嗜血杆菌是造成侵袭性感染的重要原因，但目前在非选择性人群中缺乏相关数据。
2000 年至 2008 年，在澳大利亚、加拿大和丹麦的 7 个地区开展了基于人群的流感嗜血杆菌菌血症监测。
总体年发病率为每 10 万人 1.31 例，特定类型的发病率分别为：流感嗜血杆菌 b 型（Hib）0.08 例，流感嗜血杆菌 a、c-f 型（Hiac-f）0.22 例，不可分型流感嗜血杆菌（NTHi）0.98 例。年龄较小和较大的患者感染风险最高。引起疾病的血清型因年龄而异，老年人中几乎所有病例均由 NTHi 引起。合并医学疾病的情况很常见，分别有 14%、16%和 29%的患者 Charlson 合并症评分为 1、2 和≥3。30 天全因病死率为 18%。在 logistic 回归分析中，与 30 天死亡相关的独立因素包括男性、医院获得性疾病、年龄较大、下呼吸道、中枢神经系统或感染部位不明。
流感嗜血杆菌是发病率和死亡率的重要原因，尤其是老年人中的 NTHi。这些数据可作为评估新预防干预措施未来效果的基线。
