Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Toronto, 150 College Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3E2, Canada.
Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2011 Jan;91(1):15-22. doi: 10.1016/j.diabres.2010.09.002. Epub 2010 Nov 20.
The objectives of this pilot study were to determine the feasibility and effect on glycaemic control of a low-glycaemic-index (GI) diet in women with gestational diabetes or impaired glucose tolerance of pregnancy.
participants, recruited from the Diabetes-in-Pregnancy Clinic of an inner-city teaching hospital serving a predominantly non-Caucasian population, were randomized to a low-GI (n=23) or control (n=24) diet and followed from 28 weeks gestation until delivery. Self-monitored-blood-glucose (SMBG), maternal and infant weight were collected from medical charts. Dietary intakes were assessed using diet records and questionnaires.
diet GI on control (58, 95% CI: 56,60) was significantly higher than on low-GI (49, 95% CI: 47,51; p=0.001). Glycaemic control improved on both diets, but more postprandial glucose values were within target on low-GI (58.4% of n=1891) than control (48.7% of n=1834; p<0.001). SMBG post-breakfast was directly related to pre-pregnancy BMI in the control, but not the low-GI group (BMI*diet interaction; p=0.021). Participants accepted the study foods and were willing to consume them post-intervention.
a low-GI diet was feasible and acceptable in this sample and facilitated control of postprandial glucose. A larger study is needed to determine the effect of a low-GI diet on maternal and infant outcomes.
本研究旨在探讨低升糖指数（GI）饮食对妊娠糖尿病或妊娠期糖耐量受损女性的血糖控制的可行性和效果。
研究对象均来自一家市区教学医院的妊娠糖尿病诊所，参与者被随机分为低 GI 饮食组（n=23）和对照组（n=24），从 28 孕周开始随访至分娩。通过病历和问卷调查收集自我监测血糖（SMBG）、母婴体重和饮食摄入量。
对照组的饮食 GI 值明显高于低 GI 饮食组（58，95%CI：56，60）（p=0.001）。两组的血糖控制均有所改善，但低 GI 饮食组（n=1891，58.4%）餐后血糖达标率高于对照组（n=1834，48.7%）（p<0.001）。对照组的早餐后 SMBG 与孕前 BMI 直接相关，而低 GI 组则无此相关性（BMI*饮食交互作用；p=0.021）。参与者接受了研究食物，并愿意在干预后继续食用。
在本研究样本中，低 GI 饮食是可行且可接受的，有助于控制餐后血糖。需要进一步的研究来确定低 GI 饮食对母婴结局的影响。
