Nat. Resour. Conserv. Serv., Fargo Soil Survey Office, ND 58103, USA.
Chemosphere. 2011 Mar;82(11):1683-9. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2010.10.093. Epub 2010 Nov 20.
17β-estradiol (E2) is a natural estrogenic hormone found in animal manure and urine, which may cause endocrine disruption in sensitive organisms. 17β-Estradiol has been widely detected in the environment, and animal agriculture may be an important source. The objectives of this study were to investigate the potential sources and/or spatial and temporal characteristics contributing to detections of E2 at the farm-scale. Soil cores, segmented into 0.15m increments, were taken down to the water table from four locations (three potential E2 sources and one control) at or around a swine (Sus scrofa domesticus) farm on five different dates between 2006 and 2007. Estradiol was quantified in the soil-water extracts using liquid chromatography-with tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS) analysis. Estradiol detections were widespread and found in 128 out of 345 extractions (37%). Concentrations ranged from 0 to 1910 ng L⁻¹ (porewater equivalents). A location that received field application of manure had significantly lower E2 concentrations compared to other locations. Also, the spring 2007 E2 concentrations were significantly higher than all other sample dates, perhaps related to climatic and hydrological events. Results suggested E2 was not directly related to manure sources, but was widespread in this environment. Where E2 was detected, highest concentrations favored the upper profile, while the greatest frequency of detections was in the lower profile and near the water table. Detections of E2 were associated with high organic mater contents in the upper profile and high sand contents in the lower profile. The study suggests that E2 is widespread in some soil environments, raising questions as to the source and mechanisms that facilitate its transport and mobility.
17β-雌二醇（E2）是一种天然雌激素，存在于动物粪便和尿液中，可能会对敏感生物造成内分泌干扰。17β-雌二醇已在环境中广泛检出，而动物农业可能是一个重要的来源。本研究的目的是调查导致在农场尺度上检测到 E2 的潜在来源和/或时空特征。2006 年至 2007 年期间，在一个养猪场（Sus scrofa domesticus）的四个地点（三个潜在的 E2 源和一个对照）或其周围，从地下水位向下每隔 0.15m 取一个土壤芯，分成 0.15m 段。使用液相色谱-串联质谱（LC/MS/MS）分析在土壤-水中提取物中定量雌二醇。E2 检测结果广泛，在 345 次提取中有 128 次（37%）检测到。浓度范围为 0 至 1910ng L⁻¹（孔隙水当量）。一个接受田间施肥的地点的 E2 浓度明显低于其他地点。此外，2007 年春季的 E2 浓度明显高于所有其他采样日期，这可能与气候和水文事件有关。结果表明，E2 与粪肥来源没有直接关系，但在这种环境中广泛存在。在检测到 E2 的地方，最高浓度有利于上剖面，而在较低的剖面和接近地下水位的地方检测到的频率最高。E2 的检测与上剖面中高有机质含量和下剖面中高砂含量有关。该研究表明，E2 在一些土壤环境中广泛存在，这引发了关于促进其迁移和流动性的来源和机制的问题。
