van den Hout M A, van der Molen G M
Department of Mental Health Sciences/Experimental Psychopathology, Limburg University, The Netherlands.
Psychosom Med. 1990 Mar-Apr;52(2):143-8. doi: 10.1097/00006842-199003000-00002.
Most phobias can be traced to aversive experiences relating to the phobic cue, but most aversive experiences do not result in phobias. Why is it that only sometimes these experiences result in classical conditioning of fear? It was hypothesized that if the subject is in a state of hypocapnia/respiratory alkalosis, classical conditioning of fear is facilitated, while extinction of fear responses is inhibited. Thirty-two healthy volunteers underwent a classical conditioning procedure with slides as conditioned stimulus, electric shocks as unconditioned stimulus, and electrodermal responding as (un) conditioned response. During conditioning, half of the subjects hyperventilated and were hypocapnic/alkalotic, while the other half was not. In both groups clear conditioning occurred, but there was no effect of hypocapnia. Results are critically discussed.
大多数恐惧症都可追溯到与恐惧线索相关的厌恶经历，但大多数厌恶经历并不会导致恐惧症。为什么只有在某些情况下这些经历才会引发恐惧的经典条件作用呢？据推测，如果受试者处于低碳酸血症/呼吸性碱中毒状态，恐惧的经典条件作用会更容易发生，而恐惧反应的消退则会受到抑制。32名健康志愿者参与了一项经典条件作用程序，以幻灯片作为条件刺激，电击作为无条件刺激，皮肤电反应作为（非）条件反应。在条件作用过程中，一半受试者进行过度换气，处于低碳酸血症/碱中毒状态，而另一半则没有。两组均出现了明显的条件作用，但低碳酸血症并无影响。对结果进行了批判性讨论。
