Cell-based microarrays: overview.

Cell-based microarrays were first described by Ziauddin and Sabatini in 2001 as a novel method for performing high-throughput screens of gene function. They reported a technique whereby expression vectors containing the open reading frame (ORF) of human genes were printed onto glass microscope slides to form a microarray. Transfection reagents were added pre- or post-spotting and cells grown over the surface of the array. They demonstrated that cells growing in the immediate vicinity of the expression vectors underwent 'reverse transfection' and that subsequent alterations in cell function could then be detected by secondary assays performed on the array. Subsequent publications have adapted the technique to a variety of applications and have also shown that the approach works when arrays are fabricated using siRNAs and compounds. The potential of this method for performing analyses of gene function and identification of novel therapeutic agents has now been clearly demonstrated. Current efforts are focused on improving and harnessing this technology for high-throughput screening applications.