National Institute of Scientific Investigation, Seoul, Korea.
Arch Pharm Res. 2010 Nov;33(11):1805-11. doi: 10.1007/s12272-010-1113-5. Epub 2010 Nov 30.
In forensic toxicology, the abuse of various opiate preparations, such as raw opium and heroin, is of interest since the metabolic pathways of these opiates overlap. Although the pharmaco(toxico)kinetics in hair is not clearly understood, melanin is thought to play a key part in the incorporation and distribution of drugs and metabolites in hair. Therefore, in the present study, a simultaneous quantification method for the determination of codeine, morphine, norcodeine, normorphine and 6-acetylmorphine (6-AM) in hair was developed in order to analytically diagnose chronic users of opiates including morphine and codeine preparations, raw opium and heroin. Furthermore, the effect of hair pigmentation on the distribution of opiates in hair was investigated using lean Zucker rats with both dark grey and white hair on the same body. Opiates were extracted using 0.1 M hydrochloric acid followed by solid phase extraction. The extracts were derivatized with N-methyl-N-(trimethylsilyl)trifluoroacetamide and analyzed using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). The method was fully validated and applied to the animal study. In conclusion, the current study demonstrates that codeine, morphine and their metabolites were successfully determined in both pigmented and non-pigmented hair. However, the melanin content plays an important role in the degree of incorporation of morphine, codeine and their metabolites into hair.
在法医毒理学中，各种鸦片制剂（如生鸦片和海洛因）的滥用引起了人们的兴趣，因为这些鸦片的代谢途径有重叠。虽然毛发中的药物代谢动力学尚不清楚，但黑色素被认为在药物及其代谢物在毛发中的摄取和分布中起着关键作用。因此，本研究旨在开发一种同时定量检测毛发中可待因、吗啡、去甲可待因、去甲吗啡和 6-乙酰吗啡（6-AM）的方法，以分析诊断包括吗啡和可待因制剂、生鸦片和海洛因在内的阿片类药物的慢性使用者。此外，还使用毛色为深灰色和白色的瘦型 Zucker 大鼠研究了毛发色素沉着对阿片类药物在毛发中分布的影响。阿片类药物采用 0.1 M 盐酸提取，然后固相萃取。提取物用 N-甲基-N-（三甲基硅基）三氟乙酰胺衍生化，并用气相色谱/质谱（GC/MS）分析。该方法经过全面验证，并应用于动物研究。总之，本研究表明可待因、吗啡及其代谢物可成功地在有色素沉着和无色素沉着的毛发中定量检测。然而，黑色素含量在吗啡、可待因及其代谢物进入毛发的程度中起着重要作用。
