Adam O
Medizinische Poliklinik, München, Federal Republic of Germany.
Klin Wochenschr. 1990;68 Suppl 20:16-22.
N-6 fatty acids comprise linoleic, dihomo-gamma-linolenic and arachidonic acid. Each of these polyunsaturated fatty acids display an individual pattern of cardiovascular effects. Moreover, the supplementation of the diet with one of these n-6 fatty acids results in a concomitant effect on the resorption, distribution and metabolism of the other n-6 fatty acids. While linoleic acid is abundant in our diet, the other n-6 fatty acids are only found in minute amounts. Accordingly, the effects with linoleic acid are less impressive, but more complex (e.g. lowering of plasma cholesterol, inhibition of renin) than with both other n-6 fatty acids. Linoleic acid, being no direct prostaglandin precursor, displays a variety of effects on the prostaglandin cascade, while dihomo-gamma-linolenic acid gives rise to 1-series prostaglandins and arachidonic acid to prostaglandins (eicosanoids) of the 2-series. The quality and quantity of prostaglandins formed, contribute essentially to the cardiovascular effects of the individual n-6 fatty acids.
N-6脂肪酸包括亚油酸、二高-γ-亚麻酸和花生四烯酸。这些多不饱和脂肪酸各自呈现出独特的心血管效应模式。此外，在饮食中补充其中一种N-6脂肪酸会对其他N-6脂肪酸的吸收、分布和代谢产生连带影响。虽然亚油酸在我们的饮食中含量丰富，但其他N-6脂肪酸的含量却微乎其微。因此，亚油酸的效果不如其他两种N-6脂肪酸显著，但更为复杂（例如降低血浆胆固醇、抑制肾素）。亚油酸并非直接的前列腺素前体，它对前列腺素级联反应有多种影响，而二高-γ-亚麻酸会生成1系列前列腺素，花生四烯酸则会生成2系列前列腺素（类二十烷酸）。所形成的前列腺素的质量和数量，在很大程度上决定了各个N-6脂肪酸的心血管效应。
