Toxicology and Environmental Research and Consulting, The Dow Chemical Company, 1803 Building, Midland, MI 48674, USA.
Chemosphere. 2011 Jan;82(5):639-47. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2010.11.017. Epub 2010 Dec 3.
Floodplain soils containing elevated levels of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins/dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) were collected from several locations along the Tittabawassee River (Michigan, USA). The PCDD/F profiles of these soils exhibited distinct congener patterns consistent with byproducts from either chloralkali manufacturing or chlorophenols productions. Black carbon (BC) particles were isolated for the first time from floodplain soil impacted by PCDD/Fs. Petrographic analysis showed that BC particles, including coal, oxidized coal, metallurgical coke, depositional carbon, coal tar/pitch, cenosphere, and charcoal, comprised approximately 30% by volume of the organic fraction with size range of 250μm-2000μm from a typical floodplain soil. The BC particles with anthropogenic origin such as pitch and coke associated with the chloralkali production process served as both the source and subsequent transporter for the highly hydrophobic PCDD/Fs. These anthropogenic BC particles were enriched with high levels of PCDFs, containing approximately 1000-fold the concentration found in the bulk soil. The strong association of PCDD/Fs with anthropogenic BC directly impacts the physicochemical and biological availability thus the risk associated with these hydrophobic organochlorines in soils and sediments.
从美国密歇根州的泰塔瓦西河沿岸的多个地点采集到了含有高水平多氯二苯并对二恶英/呋喃（PCDD/Fs）的泛滥平原土壤。这些土壤的 PCDD/F 分布模式表现出明显的同系物特征，与氯碱制造或氯酚生产的副产品一致。首次从受 PCDD/Fs 影响的泛滥平原土壤中分离出了黑碳（BC）颗粒。岩相分析表明，BC 颗粒包括煤、氧化煤、冶金焦、沉积碳、煤焦油/沥青、空心微珠和木炭，约占有机部分的 30%，粒径范围为 250μm-2000μm，来自典型的泛滥平原土壤。与氯碱生产过程相关的源自人为的沥青和焦炭等 BC 颗粒既是 PCDD/Fs 的源，也是它们的后续传输体，这些 PCDD/Fs 具有很强的疏水性。这些人为的 BC 颗粒富含高浓度的 PCDFs，其浓度约为土壤中总浓度的 1000 倍。PCDD/Fs 与人为 BC 的强烈关联直接影响其物理化学和生物有效性，从而影响与这些疏水性有机氯化合物在土壤和沉积物中的风险。
