Columbia University, 1255 Amsterdam Avenue, New York, New York, 10027, United States.
Schizophr Res. 2011 Mar;126(1-3):150-63. doi: 10.1016/j.schres.2010.11.005. Epub 2010 Dec 4.
The relationship of religion and schizophrenia is widely acknowledged, but often minimized by practitioners and under investigated by researchers. In striving to help fill this gap, this paper focuses on examining four aims: 1) how research has investigated the association between religiosity and schizophrenia; 2) how is religiosity associated with delusions and hallucinations; 3) what are the risk and protective factors associated with religiosity and schizophrenia; and 4) does religion influence treatment adherence with individuals diagnosed with schizophrenia.
A systematic literature search of PsycINFO and MEDLINE databases from January 1, 1980 through January 1, 2010 was conducted using the terms schizophrenia, schizoaffective, schizophreniform, psychotic disorder not otherwise specified (NOS) and religion, religiosity, spirituality, or faith. Seventy (n=70) original research studies were identified.
Religion can act as both a risk and protective factor as it interacts with the schizophrenia symptoms of hallucination and delusions. Cultural influences tend to confound the association of religion and schizophrenia. Adherence to treatment has a mixed association with religiosity.
The relationship between religion and schizophrenia may be of benefit to both clinicians and researchers through enhancing adherence to treatment, and enhancement of the protective aspects while minimizing associated risk. The relationship of religion and schizophrenia needs further research that is more nuanced and methodologically rigorous, specifically concerning its influence on engagement and adherence to treatment.
宗教与精神分裂症之间的关系得到广泛认可，但从业者往往对此加以轻视，研究者也很少对此进行调查。为了努力填补这一空白，本文着重探讨以下四个目标：1）研究如何调查宗教信仰与精神分裂症之间的关联；2）宗教信仰与妄想和幻觉有何关联；3）与宗教信仰和精神分裂症相关的风险和保护因素有哪些；4）宗教是否会影响被诊断患有精神分裂症的个体对治疗的依从性。
使用“schizophrenia”（精神分裂症）、“schizoaffective”（分裂情感性障碍）、“schizophreniform”（分裂样障碍）、“psychotic disorder not otherwise specified (NOS)”（未特定的精神病性障碍）和“religion”（宗教）、“religiosity”（宗教性）、“spirituality”（灵性）或“faith”（信仰）等术语，对 1980 年 1 月 1 日至 2010 年 1 月 1 日期间 PsycINFO 和 MEDLINE 数据库进行了系统文献检索，共检索到 70 项原始研究。
宗教可以作为风险和保护因素，因为它与精神分裂症的幻觉和妄想症状相互作用。文化影响往往会使宗教与精神分裂症的关联复杂化。治疗的依从性与宗教信仰呈混合关联。
宗教与精神分裂症之间的关系可能对临床医生和研究人员都有益，方法是增强对治疗的依从性，增强保护方面，同时最大限度地降低相关风险。宗教与精神分裂症的关系需要进一步研究，研究应更细致入微，方法上更严谨，具体涉及宗教对参与和治疗依从性的影响。
