Champion Sports Medicine, 805 St Vincent's Drive, Suite G100, Birmingham, AL 35205, USA.
Am J Sports Med. 2011 Feb;39(2):329-35. doi: 10.1177/0363546510384223. Epub 2010 Dec 4.
Glenohumeral internal rotation deficit (GIRD) indicates a 20° or greater loss of internal rotation of the throwing shoulder compared with the nondominant shoulder.
To determine whether GIRD and a deficit in total rotational motion (external rotation + internal rotation) compared with the nonthrowing shoulder correlate with shoulder injuries in professional baseball pitchers.
Case series; Level of evidence, 4.
Over 3 competitive seasons (2005 to 2007), passive range of motion measurements were evaluated on the dominant and nondominant shoulders for 170 pitcher-seasons. This included 122 professional pitchers during the 3 seasons of data collection, in which some pitchers were measured during multiple seasons. Ranges of motion were measured with a bubble goniometer during the preseason, by the same examiner each year. External and internal rotation of the glenohumeral joint was assessed with the participant supine and the arm abducted 90° in the plane of the scapula, with the scapula stabilized anteriorly at the coracoid process. The reproducibility of the test methods had an intraclass correlation coefficient of .81. Days in which the player was unable to participate because of injury or surgery were recorded during the season by the medical staff of the team and defined as an injury.
Pitchers with GIRD (n = 40) were nearly twice as likely to be injured as those without but without statistical significance (P = .17). Pitchers with total rotational motion deficit greater than 5° had a higher rate of injury. Minor league pitchers were more likely than major league pitchers to be injured. However, when players were injured, major league pitchers missed a significantly greater number of games than minor league pitchers.
Compared with pitchers without GIRD, pitchers with GIRD appear to be at a higher risk for injury and shoulder surgery.
与非优势肩相比，盂肱关节内旋不足（GIRD）表明投掷肩的内旋丧失 20°或更多。
确定 GIRD 以及与非投掷肩相比的总旋转运动（外旋+内旋）不足是否与职业棒球投手的肩部受伤相关。
病例系列；证据水平，4 级。
在 3 个竞争赛季（2005 年至 2007 年）期间，对 170 个投手赛季的优势肩和非优势肩进行了被动活动范围测量。这包括在数据收集的 3 个赛季中的 122 名职业投手，其中一些投手在多个赛季中进行了测量。在赛季前，使用气泡量角器由同一位检查者每年测量，让参与者仰卧，手臂在肩胛骨平面外展 90°，肩胛骨在前侧稳定在喙突处。测试方法的可重复性具有 0.81 的组内相关系数。在赛季中，球队的医务人员记录了因伤或手术而无法参赛的天数，并将其定义为受伤。
有 GIRD（n=40）的投手受伤的可能性几乎是没有 GIRD 的投手的两倍，但无统计学意义（P=0.17）。总旋转运动不足超过 5°的投手受伤率更高。小联盟投手比大联盟投手更容易受伤。然而，当球员受伤时，大联盟投手错过的比赛比小联盟投手多得多。
与没有 GIRD 的投手相比，有 GIRD 的投手似乎受伤和接受肩部手术的风险更高。
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