School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.
Nat Rev Microbiol. 2011 Jan;9(1):51-61. doi: 10.1038/nrmicro2482. Epub 2010 Dec 6.
The Archaea evolved as one of the three primary lineages several billion years ago, but the first archaea to be discovered were described in the scientific literature about 130 years ago. Moreover, the Archaea were formally proposed as the third domain of life only 20 years ago. Over this very short period of investigative history, the scientific community has learned many remarkable things about the Archaea--their unique cellular components and pathways, their abundance and critical function in diverse natural environments, and their quintessential role in shaping the evolutionary path of life on Earth. This Review charts the 'archaea movement', from its genesis through to key findings that, when viewed together, illustrate just how strongly the field has built on new knowledge to advance our understanding not only of the Archaea, but of biology as a whole.
古菌作为三大生命分支之一，早在数十亿年前就已经进化形成，但直到约 130 年前，人们才在科学文献中首次对古菌进行描述。此外，20 年前古菌才被正式提出为生命的第三个领域。在这段极短的研究历史中，科学界已经对古菌有了很多惊人的了解，包括它们独特的细胞成分和代谢途径、在各种自然环境中的丰富度和关键作用，以及它们在塑造地球上生命进化轨迹方面的核心作用。这篇综述描绘了“古菌运动”的发展历程，从起源到关键发现，这些发现共同展示了该领域如何在新知识的基础上不断发展，不仅加深了我们对古菌的理解，也加深了我们对整个生物学的理解。
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