The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia.
Int J Urban Reg Res. 2010;34(4):762-88. doi: 10.1111/j.1468-2427.2010.00916.x.
Over the past three decades, China's cities have undergone massive spatial restructuring in the wake of market reforms and economic growth. One consequence has been a rapid migration of urban residents to the periphery. Some movers have been forced out either by rising urban rents or government reclamation of their residences. Others have relocated willingly to modernized housing or for other lifestyle reasons. This article examines the effects of relocation to the urban edge on household well-being. It explores the factors underlying changes in housing and transportation costs as households move to the periphery. The research also examines whether those who moved involuntarily are affected differently from those who moved by choice. Results show that, relative to those who moved by choice, involuntary movers are disproportionately and adversely affected in terms of job accessibility, commute time, housing consumption and disposable income. The findings also show that, compared with higher-income households, lower-income groups are disproportionately affected in relation to housing costs, accessibility losses, disposable income and household worker composition. These results indicate that relocation compensation for involuntarily relocated households should be expanded to include more than just housing value: it should encompass urban location changes, household needs and relocation costs.
在过去的三十年中，随着市场改革和经济增长，中国的城市经历了大规模的空间重构。其结果之一是城市居民迅速向城市边缘迁移。一些搬迁者要么是因为城市租金上涨，要么是因为政府收回了他们的住所而被迫搬迁。另一些人则是为了搬到现代化的住房或出于其他生活方式的原因而自愿搬迁。本文考察了搬迁到城市边缘对家庭福祉的影响。它探讨了家庭搬迁到边缘地区时住房和交通成本变化的原因。研究还考察了被迫搬迁的人与自愿搬迁的人是否受到不同的影响。研究结果表明，与自愿搬迁的人相比，被迫搬迁的人在工作机会、通勤时间、住房消费和可支配收入方面受到不成比例的不利影响。研究结果还表明，与高收入家庭相比，低收入群体在住房成本、可达性损失、可支配收入和家庭劳动力构成方面受到不成比例的影响。这些结果表明，对于被迫搬迁的家庭，搬迁补偿应该扩大范围，不仅包括住房价值，还应该包括城市位置变化、家庭需求和搬迁成本。
