Department of Immunology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA.
Immunol Res. 2011 Apr;49(1-3):97-108. doi: 10.1007/s12026-010-8197-3.
Transmembrane adaptor proteins (TRAPs) link antigen receptor engagement to downstream cellular processes. Although these proteins typically lack intrinsic enzymatic activity, they are phosphorylated on multiple tyrosine residues following lymphocyte activation, allowing them to function as scaffolds for the assembly of multi-molecular signaling complexes. Among the many TRAPs that have been discovered in recent years, the LAT (linker for activation of T cells) family of adaptor proteins plays an important role in the positive and negative regulation of lymphocyte maturation, activation, and differentiation. Of the two members in this family, LAT is an indispensable component controlling T cell and mast cell activation and function; LAB (linker for activation of B cells), also called NTAL, is necessary to fine-tune lymphocyte activation and may be a key regulator of innate immune responses. Here, we review recent advances on the function of LAT and LAB in the regulation of development and activation of immune cells.
跨膜衔接蛋白（TRAPs）将抗原受体的结合与下游细胞过程联系起来。尽管这些蛋白通常缺乏内在的酶活性，但在淋巴细胞激活后，它们的多个酪氨酸残基被磷酸化，从而使其能够作为多分子信号复合物组装的支架。在近年来发现的众多 TRAPs 中，衔接蛋白 LAT（T 细胞激活的衔接蛋白）家族在淋巴细胞成熟、激活和分化的正调控和负调控中发挥着重要作用。在这个家族的两个成员中，LAT 是控制 T 细胞和肥大细胞激活和功能的不可或缺的组成部分；LAB（B 细胞激活的衔接蛋白），也称为 NTAL，是精细调节淋巴细胞激活所必需的，并且可能是先天免疫反应的关键调节剂。在这里，我们综述了 LAT 和 LAB 在调节免疫细胞发育和激活中的功能的最新进展。
