Department of Psychology, Emory University, 36 Eagle Row, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
Conscious Cogn. 2011 Mar;20(1):109-19. doi: 10.1016/j.concog.2010.09.012. Epub 2010 Dec 8.
Self-awareness is viewed here as the phenotypic expression of an interaction between genes and the environment. Brain and behavioral development of fetuses and newborn infants are a rich source of information regarding what might constitute minimal self-awareness. Research indicates that newborns have feeling (subjective) experience. Unlike automata, they do not just sense and respond to proximal stimulations. In light of the explosive brain growth that takes place inside and outside of the womb, first signs of feeling as opposed to sensing experience are discussed. Feeling experience is considered as the necessary condition for having minimal self-awareness. Both would co-emerge in development. However, minimal self-awareness is rapidly supplemented with an awareness that is not just perceptual, but also conceptual and ethical, primarily defined in relation to and by others.
自我意识被视为基因与环境相互作用的表型表达。胎儿和新生儿的大脑和行为发育为最小自我意识的构成提供了丰富的信息。研究表明，新生儿有感觉（主观）体验。与自动机不同，他们不仅仅是对近端刺激进行感知和反应。鉴于子宫内外发生的大脑爆炸式增长，讨论了与感知体验相对的感觉体验的最初迹象。感觉体验被认为是具有最小自我意识的必要条件。两者将在发展中共同出现。然而，最小自我意识很快就会被一种不仅是感知的，而且是概念的和伦理的意识所补充，这种意识主要是通过与他人的关系和他人来定义的。
