Lalanne Jennifer, Grolleau Pauline, Piolino Pascale
Laboratoire de psychologie et neuropsychologie cognitives, CNRS FRE 3292, Groupe Mémoire et Langage, Université Paris Descartes.
Psychol Neuropsychiatr Vieil. 2010 Dec;8(4):277-94. doi: 10.1684/pnv.2010.0231.
The Self is defined as a dynamic structure of self-referent-cognitive processes and a set of multidimensional representations stored in memory. This paper aims to explore the links between the Self and memorization of information, thus we propose to review the Self-reference effect (SRE) on memory processes and its neural basis in young and older adults. The literature reports a strong benefit from self-referencing on the encoding and retrieval processes in episodic memory. Indeed, the individuals demonstrate a better retention of information previously processed in relation with their preexisting self-knowledge. The SRE is supported by a well-known self-schema highly activated in information processing; its involvement would be relatively natural and therefore effortless. Self-referencing also influences the feeling of remembering during recollection via autonoetic consciousness. The cerebral correlates of Self-reference processing involve principally cortical midline structures such as prefrontal, cingular and parietal cortices. Then, we also address the question of the persistence of SRE in Alzheimer's disease. Although patients at an early stage of dementia present anterograde and retrograde amnesia as well as an alteration of their sense of identity, we report first evidences for the persistence of SRE in Alzheimer's disease. Finally, we discuss the perspectives of Self-referencing for the creation of new non-medical therapies of memory deficits.
自我被定义为自我参照认知过程的动态结构以及存储在记忆中的一组多维表征。本文旨在探讨自我与信息记忆之间的联系，因此我们建议回顾年轻人和老年人记忆过程中的自我参照效应（SRE）及其神经基础。文献报道自我参照对情景记忆的编码和检索过程有很大益处。事实上，个体对先前与他们已有的自我知识相关处理过的信息有更好的保留。SRE得到了信息处理中高度激活的著名自我图式的支持；其参与相对自然，因此毫不费力。自我参照还通过自知意识影响回忆过程中的记忆感。自我参照处理的大脑相关区域主要涉及皮质中线结构，如前额叶、扣带回和顶叶皮质。然后，我们还探讨了SRE在阿尔茨海默病中持续存在的问题。尽管痴呆早期患者存在顺行性和逆行性失忆以及身份感的改变，但我们首次报告了SRE在阿尔茨海默病中持续存在的证据。最后，我们讨论了自我参照在创建新的记忆缺陷非药物疗法方面的前景。
