Institut für Physik, Universität Augsburg, Universitätsstrasse 1, D-86135 Augsburg, Germany.
Philos Trans A Math Phys Eng Sci. 2011 Jan 28;369(1935):291-306. doi: 10.1098/rsta.2010.0252.
The quantum version of the Bochkov-Kuzovlev identity is derived on the basis of the appropriate definition of work as the difference of the measured internal energies of a quantum system at the beginning and the end of an external action on the system given by a prescribed protocol. According to the spirit of the original Bochkov-Kuzovlev approach, we adopt the 'exclusive' viewpoint, meaning that the coupling to the external work source is not counted as part of the internal energy. The corresponding canonical and microcanonical quantum fluctuation theorems are derived as well, and are compared with the respective theorems obtained within the 'inclusive' approach. The relations between the quantum inclusive work w, the exclusive work w(0) and the dissipated work w(dis), are discussed and clarified. We show by an explicit example that w(0) and w(dis) are distinct stochastic quantities obeying different statistics.
基于工作的恰当定义，将其作为外部作用于系统前后系统内能量的测量差值，推导出了玻科夫-库佐夫列夫等式的量子版本。根据玻科夫-库佐夫列夫方法的精神，我们采用“排他性”观点，即与外部工作源的耦合不作为内能量的一部分进行计数。此外，还推导了相应的正则和微正则量子涨落定理，并与“包容性”方法中得到的相应定理进行了比较。讨论并澄清了量子包容性工作 w、排他性工作 w(0)和耗散性工作 w(dis)之间的关系。我们通过一个明确的例子表明，w(0)和 w(dis)是不同的随机量，服从不同的统计规律。
