Cataracts: we have perfected the surgery, but is it time for prevention?

PURPOSE OF REVIEW

This review presents a discussion of cataract prevention, with a focus on the societal burden of untreated cataracts and pathophysiologic mechanisms of prevention.

RECENT FINDINGS

Multiple studies have implicated cataract surgery and vision loss due to cataract as a major cause of disability and lost productivity. Long-term use of antioxidants such as vitamin C, lutein, and zeaxanthin have been associated with lower incidence and progression of cataracts, but prospective studies of vitamin supplementation have shown little effect. There are currently over 400 cataract-related clinical trials; one trial of a topical medication for the treatment of cataract is currently in progress.

SUMMARY

Vision loss due to cataract, disability associated with cataract blindness, and the surgical treatment of this disease present a significant public health burden. Useful strategies for prevention may include public health campaigns targeted at young adults, with a focus on making healthy choices to prevent this disease.