Fernandez Mark M, Afshari Natalie A
Duke University Eye Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710, USA.
Curr Opin Ophthalmol. 2008 Jan;19(1):66-70. doi: 10.1097/ICU.0b013e3282f2d7b6.
Oxidative stress is a major cause of cataract development. Numerous studies have been published regarding the effects of nutritional supplementation on cataract progression.
Basic science research has demonstrated a protective effect of antioxidants on lens tissue, and supplementation with vitamin C and lutein/zeaxanthin has been associated with a decreased risk of cataract formation in multiple observational studies. One large interventional trial demonstrated a significant difference in participants treated with high-dose vitamin C versus placebo, but a more recent interventional study did not replicate these findings. In a review of the carotenoids lutein and zeaxanthin, the Food and Drug Administration concluded there is insufficient evidence to suggest that supplementation with these carotenoids lowers the risk of cataract formation. While high doses of multivitamins, antioxidants, or lutein and zeaxanthin are unlikely to be of significant ophthalmic benefit to the general public, these nutrients may help individuals exposed to high oxidative stress, such as heavy smokers, and those with poor nutrition.
Supplementation with vitamin C, lutein, zeaxanthin, or a multivitamin may help certain populations, but is unlikely to affect the progression of cataracts in most patients.
氧化应激是白内障形成的主要原因。关于营养补充剂对白内障进展影响的众多研究已发表。
基础科学研究已证明抗氧化剂对晶状体组织有保护作用，在多项观察性研究中，补充维生素C和叶黄素/玉米黄质与降低白内障形成风险相关。一项大型干预试验表明，高剂量维生素C治疗组与安慰剂组参与者存在显著差异，但最近的一项干预研究并未重复这些结果。在对类胡萝卜素叶黄素和玉米黄质的综述中，美国食品药品监督管理局得出结论，没有足够证据表明补充这些类胡萝卜素可降低白内障形成风险。虽然高剂量的多种维生素、抗氧化剂或叶黄素和玉米黄质对普通大众不太可能有显著的眼科益处，但这些营养素可能有助于暴露于高氧化应激的个体，如重度吸烟者和营养不良者。
补充维生素C、叶黄素、玉米黄质或多种维生素可能对某些人群有帮助，但不太可能影响大多数患者白内障的进展。
