Gökçay Figen, Eyigör Can, Bayram Ece, Dönmez Ilknur, Uyar Meltem
Department of Neurology, Ege University Faculty of Medicine, İzmir, Turkey.
Agri. 2010 Oct;22(4):170-4.
Intracranial hypotension is usually seen in middle-aged adults and appears with orthostatic headache. It is characterized by low cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) pressure and pachymeningeal-dural thickening on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Lumbar puncture, dural rupture with CSF leakage secondary to spinal anesthesia or spinal traumas, and under-production or over-absorption of CSF due to some metabolic events such as dehydration, uremia and diabetic coma are the main etiologic factors. It is sometimes considered as idiopathic when no etiologic factor is present. In addition, some connective tissue disorders have risk of CSF leakage due to spontaneous dural rupture. Neck pain, tinnitus, nausea and vomiting, and diplopia may accompany headache. CSF leakage can be identified by computerized tomography (CT) myelography, CSF-flow MRI, and radionuclide cisternography. Bed rest, fluid resuscitation, caffeine, theophylline, and non-steroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are important treatment options. In patients resistant to therapy, interventional measures such as epidural saline or blood patch can be applied. In this case report, we evaluated the results of pain treatment options in a patient having headache due to intracranial hypotension who was hospitalized in the Neurology Department of Ege University Hospital.
颅内低压常见于中年成年人,表现为体位性头痛。其特征为脑脊液(CSF)压力降低以及磁共振成像(MRI)显示硬脑膜增厚。腰椎穿刺、脊髓麻醉或脊柱外伤继发的脑脊液漏导致的硬脑膜破裂,以及脱水、尿毒症和糖尿病昏迷等某些代谢事件引起的脑脊液生成不足或吸收过多是主要病因。当不存在病因时,有时被认为是特发性的。此外,一些结缔组织疾病因硬脑膜自发破裂而有脑脊液漏的风险。头痛可能伴有颈部疼痛、耳鸣、恶心呕吐和复视。脑脊液漏可通过计算机断层扫描(CT)脊髓造影、脑脊液流动MRI和放射性核素脑池造影来识别。卧床休息、液体复苏、咖啡因、茶碱和非甾体抗炎药(NSAIDs)是重要的治疗选择。对于治疗抵抗的患者,可采用硬膜外注射生理盐水或血补丁等介入措施。在本病例报告中,我们评估了一名因颅内低压头痛而入住伊兹密尔大学医院神经科的患者疼痛治疗方案的效果。